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Symptomatic nonparasitic cysts of the liver

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Abstract

A retrospective study of 14 patients who had symptomatic congenital liver cysts managed at the Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong at Queen Mary Hospital together with a literature review was conducted to evaluate the current surgical practice for the condition. Seven patients were managed either expectantly (N=5) or by percutaneous aspiration (N=2). Surgery which included total cystectomy (N=3), external drainage (N=1), and marsupialization with (N=2) or without (N=1) fenestration was done for the remaining 7 patients, among whom 1 developed bleeding after total cystectomy. While percutaneous aspiration provides adequate symptomatic palliation in selected patients, eventual recurrent cyst formation is frequent, especially when the cyst exceeds 10 cm in diameter. Despite technological advances, the presence of biliary communication and malignancy could not be accurately determined preoperatively. Careful examination of the cyst cavity at surgery remains the most reliable guide. Drainage into the peritoneal cavity in the presence of infection or bile content provides satisfactory drainage with minimal morbidity and mortality. Since total cystectomy could be done safely without partial hepatectomy, it can even be considered in patients with deeply-seated lesions. The role of aggressive hepatic resection or liver transplantation for the management of liver cysts remains to be validated by further clinical evaluation.

Résumé

On a fait l'étude rétrospective de 14 patients ayant des kystes du foie congénitaux symptomatiques soignés dans le service de chirurgie à l'Hôpital Queen Mary de l'Université de Hong Kong en même temps que la revue de la littérature pour évaluer la pratique chirurgicale courante en la circonstance. On a traité 7 patients soit par l'expectative (N=5) soit par ponction et aspiration percutanées (N=2). On a également pratiqué une kystectomie totale (N=3), drainage externe (N=1), et marsupialisation avec (N=2) ou sans (N=1) fenestration chez les 7 autres patients dont un a fait une hémorrhagie après kystectomie totale. Tandis que la ponction et l'aspiration percutanées peuvent améliorer la Symptomatologie chez certains patients bien sélectionnés, la récidive est fréquente surtout quand le kyste dépasse 10 cm de diamètre. Malgré les progrès de la technique, on ne peut déterminer avec précision la présence de communication biliaire et de malignité avant l'opération. L'examen attentif de la cavité kystique à l'opération reste le guide le plus fiable. Le drainage de la cavité intrapéritoniale en cas d'infection ou de contenu biliaire constitue un geste satisfaisant avec morbidité et mortalité infimes. Comme la kystectomie totale peut être faite en toute sécurité sans nécessiter de hépatectomie partielle, on peut l'envisager même chez les patients ayant des lésions profondément situées. Il reste à préciser le rôle de la résection hépatique plus large ou même de la transplantation du foie pour le traitement des kystes du foie par une étude clinique plus poussée.

Resumen

Se efectuó un estudio restrospectivo de 14 pacientes con quistes congénitos y sintomáticos del hígado tratados en el Departamento de Cirugía de la Universidad de Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital; también se realizó una revisión de la literatura con el fin de evaluar el tratamiento actual de esta entidad. Siete pacientes fueron manejados en forma conservadora (N=5) o con aspiración percutánea (N=2). En los otros 7 pacientes se realizó cirugía, la cual incluyó cistectomía total (N=3), drenaje externo (N=1), y marsupialización con (N=2) o sin (N=1) fenestración; uno de ellos desarrolló sangrado despues de la cistectomía total. Aunque la aspiración percutánea provee adecuada paliación sintomática en pacientes seleccionados, la recurrencia del quiste es frecuente, especialmente cuando su diámetro es mayor de 10 cms. A pesar de los avances tecnológicos, la presencia de comunicación biliar y de malignidad no pudo ser certeramente determinada en la fase preoperatoria. El examen cuidadoso de la cavidad quística durante la cirugía sigue siendo el método más confiable. El drenaje a la cavidad peritoneal en presencia de infección o de contenido biliar, representa una modalidad de drenaje satisfactoria, con mínima morbilidad y mortalidad. Puesto que la cistectomía total puede ser realizada sin hepatectomía parcial, éste procedimiento puede ser considerado aún en pacientes con lesiones profundas. El papel de la resección hepática agresiva o el trasplante hepático en el manejo de los quistes del hígado deben ser validados mediante evaluación clínica adicional.

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Lai, E.C.S., Wong, J. Symptomatic nonparasitic cysts of the liver. World J. Surg. 14, 452–456 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01658666

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