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Clinical reliability of perioperative fluorocholangiography

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Abstract

The use of mobile image intensifier and television monitor permits easy performance of direct visualization of the biliary tract during surgery (fluorocholangiography). The routine use of fluorocholangiography has certain advantages over the standard technique of operative cholangiography: rapid direct visualization permits proper positioning of the instrument and the patient, thus many pitfalls can be avoided (gas, air bubbles, superposition of bone structures); multiple exposures at varying angles can be obtained if suspicious areas are seen; the intrahepatic ducts can be fully visualized; the functioning of the sphincter can be evaluated under direct vision; and direct visualization permits considerable time savings. In this study, operative cholangiography was routinely performed on 1,600 consecutive operations on the biliary tract using this technique. The reliability of operative fluorocholangiography was evaluated and compared to other published forms of operative cholangiography. The principal conclusions of the authors are as follows: the false-positive results of operative fluorocholangiography are 16.8% (57 of 339 common bile ducts explored, 57 of 1,600 cholangiographies); 22 retained stones were subsequently found in the 1,600 patients; the reliability of operative fluorocholangiography is, therefore, approximately 95%; and operative fluorocholangiography is superior to conventional cholangiography, and its routine use contributes significantly to the reduction of the rate of negative choledochal explorations and residual stones.

Résumé

L'emploi de l'exploration radiologique opératoire avec amplificateur de brillance permet la visualisation directe des voies biliaires au cours de l'intervention. Elle est supérieure à la cholangiographie fluoroscopique classique car: La visualisation rapide permet de placer en bonne position l'opéré et l'instrument ce qui évite de multiples pièges: gaz, bulles d'air, superposition du squelette et des voies biliaires; l'examen sous différentes positions est possible dès lors que des images suspectes sont constatées; les canaux biliaires intrahépatiques sont visualisés. Le fonctionnement du sphincter peut Être étudié sous le contrÔle de la vue; la durée de l'exploration est réduite. Les auteurs ont employé cette méthode comme exploration de routine au cours de 1600 opérations biliaires et ont confronté les résultats obtenus à ceux des autres méthodes cholangiographiques. De cette expérience ils ont tiré les conclusions suivantes: 1) Les faux positifs de la cholangiographie fluoroscopique classique atteignent un taux de 16.8%; 2) Vingtdeux calculs de la voie biliaire principale qui seraient passés inaperÇus ont été trouvé; 3) Le taux de fiabilité de la méthode atteint par conséquent 95%; 4) L'exploration cholangiographique sous amplificateur de brillance est supérieure à la cholangiographie classique et son emploi contribue de manière significative à la diminution de nombre des explorations cholédociennes négatives et des calculs méconnus.

Resumen

La utilización del intensificador de imagen móvil con monitor de televisión permite realizar facilmente la visualización directa del tracto biliar durante la cirugía (fluorocolangiografía). El uso rutinario de la fluorocolangiografía tiene ciertas ventajas sobre las técnicas estándar de colangiografía operatoria: la visualización directa y rápida permite posicionar debidamente tanto al aparato como al paciente, con lo cual se eliminan artefactos (gas, burbujas de aire, superposición de estructuras óseas); se pueden obtener mÚltiples exposiciones en ángulos variados frente a áreas sospechosas; los canales intrahepáticos pueden ser totalmente visualizados; el funcionamiento del esfínter puede ser evaluado bajo visión directa; y la visualización directa resulta en considerable ahorro de tiempo. En el presente estudio se realizó colangiografía operatoria en el curso de 1,600 operaciones consecutivas sobre el árbol biliar utilizando esta técnica. La confiabilidad de la fluorocolangiografía operatoria fue evaluada y comparada con los resultados en publicaciones sobre otras formas de colangiografía operatoria. Las conclusiones principales de los autores son las siguientes: los resultados positivos-falsos de la fluorocolangiografía son del orden de 16.8% (57 de 339 exploraciones del colédoco, 57 de 1,600 colangiografías); 22 cálculos retenidos aparecieron más tarde en los 1,600 pacientes; la confiabilidad de la fluorocolangiografía es, por lo tanto, de aproximadamente 95%; y la fluorocolangiografía operatoria es superior a la colangiografía convencional, y su utilización rutinaria contribuye en forma significativa a la reducción de la tasa de exploraciones negativas del colédoco y de cálculos residuales.

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Reiss, R., Deutsch, A.A., Nudleman, I. et al. Clinical reliability of perioperative fluorocholangiography. World J. Surg. 10, 324–328 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01658156

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