Skip to main content
Log in

Progress in the treatment of biliary atresia

  • Published:
World Journal of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although the surgical results of biliary atresia have markedly improved following the introduction of hepatic portoenterostomy, further improvement is necessary. In a 31-year period, from 1953 through 1983, we performed corrective surgery on 214 patients. In the first 18 years the disease was successfully treated in only 13% of 96 patients. In the next 7 years (1971 to 1977), jaundice was cleared in 55% of 65 patients, now 29 patients are alive without jaundice. In the last 6 years, the jaundice was cleared in 66% of 53 patients; more than 50% of patients are now without jaundice. Retrospective analysis revealed several important factors contributing to the improvement of operative results: (1) early diagnosis and operation, (b) precise dissection and adequate transection of the bile duct remnant, (c) progress in the postoperative management, (d) prevention of postoperative cholangitis, and (e) early reoperation whenever necessary. Corrective surgery performed within 60 days after birth can achieve sufficient bile drainage to normalize serum bilirubin level in more than 80% of the patients.

Résumé

Bien que les résultats de la chirurgie pour atrésie biliaire se soient considérablement améliorés depuis la mise en pratique de la portoentérostomie hépatique, des progrès restent à accomplir. De 1953 à 1983, soit pendant 31 ans, nous avons réalisé ce type d'intervention chez 214 malades. Au cours des 18 premières années le taux de succès concernant 98 sujets n'a atteint que 13%. Les 7 années suivantes, de 1971 à 1977, il a atteint 55% chez 65 opérés dont 29 sont actuellement vivants sans aucune trace de rétention biliaire. Au cours des 6 dernières années la rétention biliaire a été traitée avec succès chez 66% d'un groupe de 53 sujets, dont plus de la moitié ne présente aucune trace d'ictère. L'analyse rétrospective de cette série permet de définir les facteurs qui contribuent à l'amélioration des résultats opératoires: (a) diagnostic et intervention précoces, (b) dissection précise et section adéquate du moignon biliaire, (c) progrès du traitement postopératoire, (d) prévention de l'angiocholite postopératoire, et (e) réintervention précoce si nécessaire. La chirurgie correctrice pratiquée au cours des 60 premièrs jours qui suivent la naissance permet d'obtenir un drainage biliaire suffisant, un taux normal de bilirubine étant constaté chez 80% des opérés.

Resumen

Aun cuando los resultados de la cirugia para atresia biliar han mejorado en forma notoria después de la introducción de la portoenterostomía hepática, todavía es necesario un mayor progreso. En los 31 anos transcurridos entre 1953 y 1983, hemos realizado cirugía correctiva en 214 pacientes. En los primeros 18 años la enfermedad pudo ser exitosamente tratada sólo en el 13% de 96 pacientes. En los 7 años siguientes (1971 a 1977), la ictericia pudo ser controlada en el 55% de 65 pacientes; actualmente 29 pacientes se hallan vivos y libres de ictericia. En los Ultimos 6 años la ictericia ha sido controlada en el 66% de 53 pacientes; más del 50% de los pacientes se hallan libres de ictericia en la actualidad. El análisis retrospectivo ha identificado algunos factores de importancia que contribuyeron a la superación de los resultados operatorios: (a) diagnóstico y operatión precoces; (b) disección precisa y transección adecuada del cono fibroso del remanente extrahepático del canal biliar; (c) progresos en el manejo postoperatorio; (d) preventión de la colangitis postoperatoria; y (e) reoperación temprana cuando necesario. La cirugía correctiva realizada dentro de los 60 días después del nacimiento puede lograr un drenaje biliar suficiente para la normalización del nivel de bilirrubina sérica en más del 80% de los pacientes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Alagille, D., Valayer, J., Odievre, M., et al.: Longterm follow-up in children operated on by corrective surgery for extrahepatic biliary atresia. In Biliary Atresia and Its Related Disorders, M. Kasai, editor. Amsterdam-Oxford-Princeton, Excerpta Medica, 1983, p. 233

    Google Scholar 

  2. Howard, E.R., Driver, M., McClement, J., et al.: Prolonged survival after operation for extrahepatic biliary atresia. In Biliary Atresia and Its Related Disorders, M. Kasai, editor. Amsterdam-Oxford-Princeton, Excerpta Medica, 1983, p. 167

    Google Scholar 

  3. Altman, R.P.: Long-term results after the Kasai procedure. In Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia, F. Daum, editor. New York and Basel, Marcel Dekker, 1983, p. 91

    Google Scholar 

  4. Lilly, J.R., Stellin, G., Pau, C.M.L., et al.: Historical background of the biliary atresia registry. In Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia, F. Daum, editor. New York and Basel, Marcel Dekker, 1983, p. 73

    Google Scholar 

  5. Caccia, G., Dessanti, A., Alberti, D.: Eight-year experience of the treatment of extrahepatic biliary atresia: Results in 72 cases. In Biliary Atresia and Its Related Disorders, M. Kasai, editor. Amsterdam-Oxford-Princeton, Excerpta Medica, 1983, p. 181.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Chiba, T., Kasai, M.: Differentiation of biliary atresia from neonatal hepatitis by routine clinical examinations. Tohoku J. Exp. Med.115:327, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  7. Tazawa, Y., Konno, T.: Semiquantitative assay of serum lipoprotein-X in differential diagnosis of neonatal hepatitis and congenital biliary atresia. Tohoku J. exp. Med.130:209, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  8. Tazawa, Y., Yamada, M., Nakagawa, M., et al.: Comparative determinations of serum lipoprotein-X and serum bile acid for screening for biliary atresia. In Biliary Atresia and Its Related Disorders, M. Kasai, editor. Amsterdam-Oxford-Princeton, Excerpta Medica, 1983, p. 121

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kasai, M., Suzuki, S.: A new operation for “non-correctable” biliary atresia—hepatic portoenterostomy. Shuzutsu13:733, 1959

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ohi, R., Okamoto, A., Kasai, M.: Morphologic studies of extrahepatic bile ducts in biliary atresia. In Cholestasis in Infancy, M. Kasai, K. Shiraki, editors. Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1980, p. 157

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hirsig, J., Zgraggen, Y., Stauffer, U.G., et al.: Choleretic therapy in connection with operations for biliary atresia. In Cholestasis in Infancy, M. Kasai, K. Shiraki, editors. Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1980, p. 345

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hirsig, J., Bircher, A., Rickham, P.P.: Choleretic therapy for biliary atresia patients. In Biliary Atresia and Its Related Disorders, M. Kasai, editor. Amsterdam-Oxford-Princeton, Excerpta Medica, 1983, p. 197

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kimura, S., Araki, S., Rii, M., Hojo, Y.: Hepatic portoenterostomy—Operative procedures and ascending cholangitis. In Biliary Atresia and Its Related Disorders, M. Kasai, editor. Amsterdam-Oxford-Princeton, Excerpta Medica, 1983, p. 209

    Google Scholar 

  14. Tanaka, K., Kohno, M., Nakajima, Y., et al.: Jejunal interposition hepatic portoduodenostomy with intestinal valve for treatment of biliary atresia. J. Pediatr. Surg.13:733, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ohi, R., Hanamatsu, M., Mochizuki, I., et al.: Clinical evaluation of re-operations for the patients with biliary atresia. J. Pediatr. Surg. (in press).

  16. Javitt, N.B., Keating, J.P., Grand, R.J., et al.: Serum bile acid patterns in neonatal hepatitis and extrahepatic biliary atresia. J. Pediatr.90:736, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  17. Sunaryo, F.P., Watkins, J.B.: Evaluation of diagnostic techniques for extrahepatic biliary atresia. In Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia, F. Daum, editor. New York and Basel, Marcel Dekker, 1983, p. 11

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ohi, R., Klingensmith, W.C., Lilly, J.R.: Diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in infants and children with Tc-99m-Diethyl-IDA imaging. Clin. Nucl. Med.6:297, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ohi, R., Kasai, M., Takahashi, T.: Intrahepatic biliary obstruction in congenital bile duct atresia. Tohoku J. exp. Med.99:129, 1969

    Google Scholar 

  20. Taira, Y.: Electron microscopical studies on infantile cholestatic disease. J. Jpn. Soc. Pediatr. Surg.6:275, 1970

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kimura, K., Tsugawa, C., Kubo, M., et al.: Technical aspects of hepatic portal dissection in biliary atresia. J. Pediatr. Surg.14:27, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kim, W.-K., Park, K.-W.: Modification of Kasai I (Roux-en-Y hepatic portojejunostomy) in survival of biliary atresia. In Biliary Atresia and Its Related Disorders, M. Kasai, editor. Amsterdam-Oxford-Princeton, Excerpta Medica, 1983, p. 177

    Google Scholar 

  23. Ohi, R., Stellin, G.P., Shikes, R.H., et al.: In biliary atresia duct histology correlates with bile flow. J. Pediatr. Surg.19:467, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  24. Endo, M., Katsumata, K., Yokoyama, J., et al.: Extended dissection of the portohepatis and creation of an intussuscepted ileocolic conduit for biliary atresia. J. Pediatr. Surg.18:784, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ito, T., Nagaya, M., Yamada, N., et al.: Extensive exploration of the porta hepatis and modified hepatic portoenterostomy in biliary atresia. J. Jpn. Soc. Pediatr. Surg.20:209, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  26. Ohi, R., Okamoto, A., Kasai, M.: Some considerations of hepatic portocholecystostomy for the treatment of biliary atresia. Jpn. J. Pediatr. Surg.10:983, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  27. Lilly, J.R., Stellin, G.: Catheter decompression of hepatic portocholecystostomy. J. Pediatr. Surg.17:904, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  28. Suruga, K., Miyano, T., Kimura, K., et al.: Reoperation in the treatment of biliary atresia. J. Pediatr. Surg.17:1, 1982

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ohi, R., Hanamatsu, M., Mochizuki, I. et al. Progress in the treatment of biliary atresia. World J. Surg. 9, 285–293 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01656322

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01656322

Keywords

Navigation