Abstract
Replacing the heart function by means of a nonpulsatile blood pump is a great challenge to nature, which evolved pulsatile blood circulation. Some years ago, we hypothesized that mammalian physiology was capable of adapting to chronic nonpulsatile blood flow and maintaining normal organ function. The methodology of complete circulatory replacement with nonpulsatile flow has been established in awake calf experiments in our institution. To date, 5 animals have lived with nonpulsatile blood perfusion with near normal physiology for up to 3 months. Our studies on nonpulsatile biventricular animals have shown that immediately following surgery there is an adaptation phase which lasts approximately 7 to 10 days. This phase is characterized by increased total systemic vascular resistance (SVR), which appears to correlate with an increase in the circulating catecholamines. After this phase, these animals showed normal values of SVR, renal, biochemical, and endocrine function. Our data show that nonpulsatile blood flow is not a limiting factor to maintain mammalian life.
Résumé
Remplacer la fonction cardiaque par une pompe à débit continu est un défi à la nature, la circulation normale étant de type pulsatif. Il y a quelques années déjà nous avons émis l'hypothèse que les mammifères étaient capables de s'adapter à une circulation à débit continu sans alterations physiologiques. Dans notre institution, nous avons expérimentalement mis au point chez le veau un appareillage assurant sous débit continu le remplacement de la circulation sanguine. A ce jour cinq veaux soumis à cette expérimentation ont vécu plus de trois mois. Nos études nous ont montré que l'implantation de cet appareillage était suivie d'une phase d'adaptation d'une durée de 7–10 jours. Cette phase est caractérisée par une élévation de la résistance vasculaire systémique qui paraît être en corrélation avec une augmentation des catécholamines circulantes. Après cette phase la résistance vasculaire systémique est normale comme sont normales les fonctions rénales biochimiques et endocriniennes. Notre expérience montre qu'un appareil assurant la circulation sanguine sous un débit continu représente pas un facteur qui limite le maintien de la vie chez les mammifères.
Resumen
El reemplazo de la función cardiaca por medio de una bomba sanguínea no pulsátil representa un verdadero desafío para la naturaleza, la cual ha desarrollado, a través de la evolución biológica, el sistema de circulación sanguíneo pulsátil. Hace algunos años elaboramos la hipótesis de que la fisiología mamífera era capaz de adaptarse a un flujo sanguíneo crónico no pulsátil y mantener una función orgánica normal. La metodología del reemplazo circulatorio por medio del flujo no pulsátil ha sido establecida en experimentos con terneros no anestesiados en nuestra institución. Hasta la fecha, cinco animales han vivido con perfusión sanguínea no pulsátil y fisiología casi normal hasta por tres meses. Nuestros estudios en animales biventriculares no pulsátiles han demostrado que inmediatamente después de la cirugía se produce una fase de adaptación que dura aproximadamente 7 a 10 días. Esta fase se caracteriza por un aumento en la resistencia vascular sistémica total (RVS), la cual parece estar correlacionada con un aumento en las catecolaminas circulantes. A continuation de esta fase los animales exhiben valores normales de RVS y función renal, bioquímica y endocrina normales. Nuestros hallazgos muestran que el flujo sanguíneo no pulsátil no es un factor limitante para el mantenimiento de la vida mamífera.
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Supported by NIH grants nos. HL 26267 and HL 24286, and by The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.
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Yozu, R., Golding, L.A.R., Jacobs, G. et al. Experimental results and future prospects for a nonpulsatile cardiac prosthesis. World J. Surg. 9, 116–127 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01656262
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01656262