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Immediate definitive surgery for perforated duodenal ulcer does not increase operative mortality: A prospective controlled trial

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Abstract

One hundred and sixty-two patients with nonsealed perforated duodenal ulcer have been studied prospectively. These patients were randomized to undergo simple closure (83 patients) or closure and vagotomy (79 patients); the vagotomy was either a truncal vagotomy (71 patients) or a proximal gastric vagotomy (8 patients). One operative death was recorded in the simple closure group, that of a 92-year-old woman operated 36 hours after the onset of perforation, who died on the seventh postoperative day of infectious pulmonary complications. There were no deaths in the vagotomy group. The mortality in the 2 groups, simple closure and vagotomy, can be assumed to be similar according to a decision-making rule based on confidence interval limits (p<0.05). Complications and postoperative course were similar in both groups except for wound infection, which was more frequent in the vagotomy group than in the simple closure group (p<0.05). Two previous prospective clinical trials have shown that relief of symptoms was better in the group treated by definitive surgery than in the control group treated by simple closure. Demonstration of similar mortality rates in simple closure and vagotomy groups failed in these 2 trials because of a high type II error. We conclude therefore, that because of equal postoperative mortality (p<0.05) and better long-term results, definitive surgery is better than simple closure in the treatment of nonsealed perforated duodenal ulcer.

Résumé

Cent soixante deux patients ayant une perforation d'ulcère duodénal non couverte ont été étudiés prospectivement. Après randomisation, ces patients ont été repartis en 2 groupes: les patients du groupe I (N=83) ont subi une fermeture simple, ceux du groupe II (N=79), une vagotomie associée. La vagotomie était tronculaire chez 71 patients et suprasélective chez 8 patients. Il y a eu une seule mort dans le groupe I: il s'agissait d'une femme opérée 36 heures après la perforation, et décédée au 7ème jour postopératoire de complications pulmonaires infectieuses. Il n'y a pas eu de mortalité dans le groupe II (vagotomie). La mortalité dans chacun des 2 groupes peut être présumée égale selon une règle basée sur les intervalles de confiance (p<0.05). Le taux des complications, excepté l'infection pariétale, plus fréquente dans le groupe II que dans le groupe I, et l'évolution postopératoire étaient les mêmes dans les 2 groupes. Deux études prospectives déjà publiées ont démontré que la chirurgie définitive améliorait de façon significative la symptomatologie par rapport à la fermeture simple. Cependant, il n'a pas été possible de démontrer que la mortalité des 2 groupes était similaire en raison d'une erreur du type II trop importante. Nous concluons que puisque la mortalité postopératoire est égale avecp<0.05, et les résultats meilleurs, la chirurgie définitive est meilleure que la fermeture simple dans le traitement en urgence de la perforation en péritoine libre d'ulcère duodénal.

Resumen

Ciento sesenta y dos pacientes con úlcera duodenal perforada y no autosellada han sido estudiados en forma prospectiva. Estos pacientes fueron randomizados para recibir cierre simple de la perforación (83 pacientes) o cierre y vagotomía (79 pacientes); la vagotomía fue troncular en 71 pacientes y gástrica proximal en 8 pacientes. Se presentó una muerte en el grupo de cierre simple, la de una mujer de 92 años operada a las 36 horas de ocurrida la perforación, quien falleció en el séptimo día por complicaciones sépticas pulmonares. No hubo muertes en el grupo de las vagotomías. Se puede asumir que la mortalidad es similar en los 2 grupos, cierre simple y vagotomía, de acuerdo con el análisis estadístico (p<0.05). La incidencia de complicaciones y la evolución postoperatoria fueron similares en los 2 grupos, a excepción de la tasa de infectión de herida que fue mayor en el grupo de vagotomía que en el grupo de cierre simple (p<0.05). Dos ensayos clínicos prospectivos anteriores han demostrado que el control de los síntomas es superior en los pacientes tratados con cirugía definitiva que en los pacientes tratados con cierre simple. La demostración de similares tasas de mortalidad en los grupos de cierre simple y de vagotomía resultó fallida en estos 2 ensayos clínicos debido a un elevado riesgo de error tipo II en una muestra de tan reducido tamaño. En consecuencia, nuestra conclusión es que en virtud de igual tasa de mortalidad postoperatoria (p<0.05) y mejores resultados a largo plazo, la cirugía definitiva es superior al cierre simple en el tratamiento de la úlcera duodenal perforada y no autosellada.

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Members of the Association for Surgical Research who have participated in the study are: Jean-Louis Bernard, M.D., François Dazza, M.D., Jean-François Delalande, M.D., Bernard Descottes, M.D., François Desmaizieres, M.D., Gérard Desvignes, M.D., André Elhadad, M.D., Jacques Emer, M.D., Pierre-Louis Fagniez, M.D., Yves Flamant, M.D., Serge Hannoun, M.D., Henri Hennet, M.D., Daniel Keller, M.D., Patrice Laigneau, M.D., François Lemoine, M.D., Pierre Meyer, M.D., Xavier Pouliquen, M.D., François Poulton, M.D., Michel Rodary, M.D., Nelly Rotman, M.D., François Rouffet, M.D., Jean-Louis Sicard, M.D., and Christian Thomsen, M.D.

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Hay, J.M., Lacaine, F., Kohlmann, G. et al. Immediate definitive surgery for perforated duodenal ulcer does not increase operative mortality: A prospective controlled trial. World J. Surg. 12, 705–708 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655894

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