Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Isolated regional perfusion in malignant melanoma of the extremities

  • Published:
World Journal of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Isolated perfusion for regional chemotherapy is only practical for tumors located on the extremity, because this is the only site where adequate vascular occlusion can be achieved. Indications for perfusion in clinical stage I melanoma patients are determined by microstaging of the tumor. At our institution, patients with Clark's levels III, IV, or V and a Breslow thickness of ≥1.5 mm are eligible. Lower limb perfusions are started through an iliac perfusion. Two perfusions are performed for foot lesions, local recurrences, satellitosis, or intransit metastases.

Flow rates for leg perfusion vary from 600 to 1,000 ml/min. During the past few years, higher flows (up to about 1,200 ml/min) have been utilized. Less toxicity developed with better tissue perfusion, and the dosage of cytostatics could be increased. The dosage of cytostatic drugs is calculated by limb volume, as determined by immersion in water. In our opinion, hyperthermia yields superior results for cases of local recurrence or intransit métastases. It is not known if a combination of cytostatic drugs might improve results compared to a single drug.

Résumé

La chimiothérapie régionale par perfusion isolée ne s'applique qu'aux mélanomes malins situés au niveau des extrêmités car c'est le seul siège qui permet de réaliser une occlusion vasculaire satisfaisante. Les indications de la perfusion pour les malades porteurs d'une tumeur de stade clinique I sont déterminées par le stade microscopique de la tumeur. Pour les auteurs, les malades avec des lésions de type III, IV, V de Clark et une lésion d'une épaisseur de plus de 1.5 mm relèvent de ce traitement. Les perfusions du membre inférieur se font par voie iliaque; 2 sont pratiquées pour les lésions du pied, les récidives locales, les lésions satellites et les métastases.

Les taux du flux pour la perfusion de la jambe varient de 600 à 1,000 ml/mm. Au cours des dernières années, des flux plus importants (jusqu'à 1,200 ml/mm environ) avaient été utilisés. Une diminution de la toxicité grâce à une meilleure perfusion tissulaire et du dosage des cytostatiques pourrait être obtenue. La dose des agents cytostatiques à employer est calculée à partir du volume du membre déterminé par l'immersion de celui-ci dans l'eau. Selon l'opinion des auteurs, l'hyperthermie donne de meilleurs résultats en présence de récidive locale ou de métastases. Actuellement on ignore si une combinaison de drogues peut avoir une efficacité supérieure à une drogue unique.

Resumen

La perfusión aislada para quimioterapia regional sólo es de utilidad práctica para tumores localizados en una extremidad, porque ésta es la única ubicación donde se puede realizar oclusión vascular adecuada. Las indicaciones para perfusión en melanomas en estado clínico I son determinadas por la clasificación microscópica del estado del tumor. En nuestra institución los pacientes con melanomas de niveles III, IV, o V y un espesor de Breslow de ≥1.5 mm son elegibles. Las perfusiones de las extremidades inferiores son iniciadas a través de una perfusión iliaca. Se realizan 2 perfusiones para lesiones del pie, para recurrencias locales, satelosis, o metástasis en tránsito.

Los flujos para la perfusión de la pierna varían entre 600 y 1,000 ml/min. En el curso de los últimos años se han utilizado flujos mayores (hasta de 1,200 ml/min). Con la mejor perfusión se desarrolla menos toxicidad y la dosis de los agentes citotóxicos puede ser aumentada. La dosis de las drogas citotóxicas es calculada sobre el volumen de la extremidad determinado por inmersión en agua. En nuestra opinión la hipotermia da mejores resultados en casos de recurrencia local o de metástasis en tránsito. No se sabe si una combinación de drogas citostáticas puede dar mejores resultados que el uso de una droga única.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Klopp, C., Alford, T., Bateman, J., Berry, G., Winship, T.: Fractionated intra-arterial cancer chemotherapy with methyl bisamine hydrochloride. A preliminary report. Ann. Surg.132:811, 1950

    Google Scholar 

  2. Creech, O., Ryan, R., Krementz, E.: Treatment of malignant melanoma by isolation perfusion technique. J.A.M.A.169:339, 1959

    Google Scholar 

  3. Stehlin, J., Clark, R., White, E.: Regional chemotherapy for cancer. Experiences with 116 perfusions. Ann. Surg.151:605, 1960

    Google Scholar 

  4. Luck, J.: Action of P-di(2-chloroethyl)-amino-L-phenylalanine on Harding Passey mouse melanoma. Science123:984, 1956

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cavaliere, R., Ciocatto, E., Giovanella, B., Heidelberger, C., Johnson, R., Margottini, M., Mondovi, B., Moricca, G., Rossi-Fanelli, A.: Selective heat sensitivity of cancer cells. Biochemical and clinical studies. Cancer20:1351, 1967

    Google Scholar 

  6. Aigner, K., Hild, P., Henneking, K., Paul, E., Hundeiker, M.: Regional perfusion with cis-platinum and dacarbazine. Recent Results Cancer Res.86:239, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  7. McBride, C., Smith, L., Brown, B.: Primary malignant melanoma of the limbs. A re-evaluation using microstaging techniques. Cancer48:1463, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  8. Illig, L., Aigner, K.: Therapie des malignen Melanoms unter besonderer Berüchsichtigung der isolierten Extremitätenperfusion. Dt Arztebl.77:2911, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  9. Jonsson, P., Hafstrom, L., Hugander, A.: Results of regional perfusion for primary and recurrent melanomas of the extremities. Recent Results Cancer Res.86:277, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  10. Krementz, E.T., Carter, R.D., Sutherland, C.M., Campbell, M.: The use of regional chemotherapy in the management of malignant melanoma. World J. Surg.3:289, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  11. Krementz, E., Campbell, M.: The role of limb perfusion in the management of malignant melanoma. In Malignant Melanoma, J. Constanzi, editor, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1983, pp. 224–257

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lejeune, F., Deloof, T., Ewalenko, P., Frühling, J., Jabri, M., Mathieu, M., Nogaret, J.-M., Verhest, A.: Objective regression of unexcised melanoma in-transit metastases after hyperthermic isolation perfusion of the limbs with melphalan. Recent Results Cancer Res.86:268, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  13. Martijn, H., Oldhoff, J., Oosterhuis, J.W., Schraffordt Koops, H.: Indications for elective groin dissection in clinical stage I patients with malignant melanoma of the lower extremity treated by hyperthermic regional perfusion. Cancer52:1526, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  14. Martijn, H., Oldhoff, J., Schraffordt Koops, H.: Regional perfusion in the treatment of patients with a locally metastasized malignant melanoma of the limbs. Eur. J. Cancer70:471, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  15. Martijn, H., Oldhoff, J., Schraffordt Koops, H., Oosterhuis, J.W.: Hyperthermic regional perfusion with melphalan and a combination of melphalan and actinomycin-D in the treatment of locally metastasized malignant melanoma of the extremities. J. Surg. Oncol.20:9, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  16. Rochlin, D., Smart, C.: Treatment of malignant melanoma by regional perfusion. Cancer18:1544, 1965

    Google Scholar 

  17. Schraffordt Koops, H.: Prevention of neural and muscular lesions during hyperthermic regional perfusion. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet.135:401, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  18. Schraffordt Koops, H., Oldhoff, J., van der Ploeg, E., Vermey, A., Eibergen, R., Beekhuis, H.: Some aspects of the treatment of primary malignant melanoma of the extremities by isolated regional perfusion. Cancer39:27, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  19. Schraffordt Koops, H., Oldhoff, J., van der Ploeg, E., Vermey, A., Eibergen, R.: Regional perfusion for recurrent malignant melanoma of the extremities. Am. J. Surg.133:221, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  20. Schraffordt Koops, H., Beekhuis, H., Oldhoff, J., Oosterhuis, J.W., van der Ploeg, E., Vermey, A.: Local recurrence and survival in patients with (Clark's level IV/V and over 1.5 mm thickness) stage I malignant melanoma of the extremities after regional perfusion. Cancer48:1952, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  21. Shingleton, W.: Perfusion chemotherapy for recurrent melanoma of the extremity. A progress report. Ann. Surg.169:969, 1969

    Google Scholar 

  22. Stehlin, J.S., Jr., Giovanella, B.C., de Ipolyi, P.D., Anderson, R.F.: Eleven years' experience with hyperthermic perfusion for melanoma of the extremities. World J. Surg.3:305, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  23. Sugarbaker, E., McBride, C.: Survival and regional disease control after isolation-perfusion for invasive stage I melanoma of the extremities. Cancer37:188, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  24. Tonak, J., Hohenberger, W., Weidner, F., Gohl, H.: Hyperthermic perfusion in malignant melanoma: 5-year results. Recent Results Cancer Res.86:229, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  25. Vaglini, M., Ammatuna, M., Nova, M., Prada, A., Rovini, D., Santiname, M., Cascinelli, N.: Regional perfusion at high temperature of stage IIIA–IIIAB melanoma patients. Tumori69:585, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  26. Fontijne, W., de Vries, J., Mook, P., Elstrodt, J., Oosterhuis, J.W., Schraffordt Koops, H., Oldhoff, J., Wildevuur, C.: Improved tissue perfusion during pressure-regulated hyperthermic regional isolated perfusion in dogs. J. Surg. Oncol.69:76, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  27. Wieberdink, J., Benckhuizen, C., Braat, R., van Slooten, E.A., Olthuis, G.: Dosimetry in isolation perfusion of the limbs by assessment of perfused tissue volume and grading of toxic reactions. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol.18:905, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  28. van Os, J., Schraffordt Koops, H., Oldhoff, J.: Dosimetry of cytostatics in hyperthermic regional isolated perfusion. Cancer55:698, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  29. Martijn, H., Schraffordt Koops, H., Milton, G.W., Nap, M., Oosterhuis, J.W., Shaw, H.M., Oldhoff, J.: Comparison of two methods of treating primary malignant melanomas Clark IV and V, thickness 1.5 mm and more, localized on the extremities, wide surgical excision with and without adjuvant regional perfusion. Cancer57:1923, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  30. Au, F., Goldman, L.: Isolation perfusion in limb melanoma: A critical assessment and literature review. In Human Malignant Melanoma, W.H. Clark, L.J. Goldman, M.L. Mastrangelo, New York, Grune & Stratton, 1979, pp. 295–308

    Google Scholar 

  31. EORTC Newsletter: Letter 110. Gisela Haemmerli, April, 1983

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Koops, H.S., Oldhoff, J., Oosterhuis, J.W. et al. Isolated regional perfusion in malignant melanoma of the extremities. World J. Surg. 11, 527–533 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655819

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655819

Keywords

Navigation