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Regional and systemic chemotherapy for colorectal metastases to the liver

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Abstract

The fluoropyrimidines 5-FU and FUDR are antimetabolites that have limited activity in the treatment of patients with colorectal metastases. The availability of implantable or portable drug infusion pumps has caused a renewed interest in continuous infusion therapy using these drugs for patients with colorectal metastases to the liver. While the search for new, more effective agents or combinations continues, it is reasonable to evaluate dose schedules and drug combinations that would maximize the effectiveness of these fluoropyrimidines and lower their toxicity in investigational protocols. In most series both drugs have higher response rates, less myelosuppression, but greater liver toxicity when given by continuous intraarterial infusions compared to bolus injections given intravenously. Nevertheless, there is still insufficient data to conclude that survival rates are sufficiently prolonged in patients for whom an implantable drug infusion pump has been used for regional FUDR chemotherapy. On the other hand, symptomatic patients may have sufficient palliation to constitute an identifiable group for whom this approach is justified. Results of several randomized prospective studies addressing the efficacy of regional versus systemic FUDR chemotherapy infusions will be available in the near future. If these demonstrate improved survival for patients receiving regional FUDR chemotherapy, it will be appropriate to consider this approach in selected patient settings. Until such data are available, routine use of this approach in asymptomatic patients is not warranted.

Résumé

Les fluoropyrimidines 5-FU et FUDR sont des antimétabolites qui ont une action limitée dans le traitement des malades porteurs de métastases colo-rectales. La possibilité de disposer de pompes implantables ou portables pour infuser des drogues est à l'origine d'un renouveau d'interêt pour l'injection continue d'agents antimitotiques susceptibles d'agir contre les métastases hépatiques des cancers colo-rectaux. Pendant que la recherche de nouveaux agents se poursuit, il est raisonnable d'apprécier les doses et les combinaisons de drogues qui devraient augmenter l'efficacité des fluoropyrimidines et diminuer leur toxicité en ayant recours à de nouveaux protocoles. Dans la majorité des séries, les 2 drogues sont plus actives, exercent une action moins marquée sur la moelle, mais leur toxicité sur le foie est plus grande, lorsqu'elles sont administrées par infusion intra-artérielle continue au lieu d'être administrées par injection discontinue. A ce jour, les données recueillies chez les malades porteurs d'une pompe implantable permettant la chimiothérapie régionale par le FUDR sont insuffisantes pour conclure que la durée de la survie est prolongée. Par ailleurs, les malades qui présentent des troubles symptomatiques peuvent bénéficier d'un répit qui justifie cette méthode renouvelée de traitement. Les résultats de plusieurs études prospectives randomisées concernant l'efficacité de la chimiothérapie régionale avec le FUDR par rapport à la chimiothérapie générale seront rapidement disponibles. Si ces résultats se montrent favorables la méthode pourra s'appliquer à des malades sélectionnés. Pour le moment et jusqu'à la conclusion de ces études, l'emploi systématique de la méthode chez les malades qui accusent des troubles n'est pas justifié.

Resumen

Las fluoropirimidinas 5-FU y FUDR son antimetabolitos de limitada actividad en el tratamiento de pacientes con metástasis colorrectales. La disponibilidad de bombas implantables a portátiles de infusión ha causado renovado interés en la terapia por infusión continua de estas drogas en pacientes con metástasis hepáticas de cáncer calorrectal. En tanto que continúa la búsqueda de nuevos y más efectivos agentes o combinaciones de agentes, aparece razonable la valoración de las dosis y de las combinaciones de las drogas para lograr la máxima efectividad de las fluoropirimidinas y rebajar su toxicidad en protocolos de investigación. En la mayoría de las series ambas drogas exhiben mayores tasas de respuesta y menor mielosupresión, pero más toxicidad hepática, cuando se administran por infusión intraarterial continua en comparación con inyección de bolos. Sin embargo, todavía los datos son insuficientes para llegar a la conclusión de que las tasas de superviviencia resultan suficientemente prolongadas en los pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia con FUDR por infusión con bomba implantable. Por otra parte, los pacientes sintomáticos pueden recibir suficiente paliación como para constituir un grupo identificable para el cual este enfoque está justificado. Pronto estarán disponibles los resultados de varios estudios prospectivos y aleatorizados orientados a determinar la eficacia de la quimioterapia regional versus sistémica, con FUDR. Si éstos demuestran mejoría en la supervivencia de pacientes que reciben quimioterapia regional con FUDR, será apropiado considerar este aproche en situaciones clínicas seleccionadas. Hasta que tales datos estén disponibles no se justifica el uso rutinario de este método en pacientes asintomáticos.

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Balch, C.M., Levin, B. Regional and systemic chemotherapy for colorectal metastases to the liver. World J. Surg. 11, 521–526 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655818

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