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Local procedures in the management of rectal cancer

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Abstract

Of 1,134 patients treated for rectal cancer from 1973 to 1985, local therapy was used in 310. Forty-two underwent local excision and the operative morbidity and mortality were lower than after radical operations. The 5-year survival rate was 84%. This treatment should be reserved for patients who have totally resectable tumors of 3 cm or less in size and of low histologic grade (1 or 2).

For local palliation, cryosurgery was applied in 268 patients. By use of this low-risk treatment, a colostomy could be avoided in 80% of patients (mean observation time 2.3 years). The best results were achieved for “small” carcinomas in high-risk patients (no evidence of disease in 24 of 31 patients). Local palliation by cryosurgery does not influence the prognosis of survival if distant metastases are present.

Résumé

De 1973 à 1985, mille cent trente quatre malades ont été traités par l'auteur et ses collaborateurs dont 310 par un acte thérapeutique local. Quarante deux ont subi une exérèse locale, la morbidité et la mortalité post-opératoire étant inférieures à celles des interventions radicales. Le taux de survie à 5 ans fut de 84%. Ce traitement doit être réservé aux malades qui sont porteurs d'une lésion réséquable de 3 cm ou moins et de type histologique favorable (1 ou 2).

La cryochirurgie à titre palliatif a été employée chez 268 malades. Grâce à ce traitement à faible risque, la colostomie a pu être évitée chez 80% des patients (moyenne du temps d'observation: 2.3 ans). Les meilleurs résultats ont été observés pour les petits cancers chez les malades à haut risque (absence d'évidence de la lésion sur 24 des 31 cas étudiés). La méthode est sans influence sur la survie si des métastases existent.

Resumen

De un total de 1,134 pacientes tratados para cáncer rectal entre 1973 y 1985, trescientos y diez recibieron terapia local. Cuarenta y dos fueron sometidos a resección; la morbilidad y mortalidad operatorias fue menor que la observada después de operaciones radicales. La supervivencia a 5 años fue 84%. Esta modalidad de tratamiento debe reservarse para pacientes con tumores totalmente resecables, con tamaños de 3 cm o menos, y bajo grado de malignidad histológica (1 o 2).

Como forma de paliación local se utilizó criocirugía en 268 pacientes. Con el uso de esta modalidad terapéutica de bajo riesgo se logró evitar la colostomía en 80% de los pacientes (promedio de observación 2.3 años). Los mejores resultados fueron logrados en carcinomas “pequeños” en pacientes de alto riesgo (no evidencia de enfermedad en 24 de 31 pacientes). La paliación local con criocirugía no influye sobre el pronóstico de supervivencia en presencia de metástasis distantes.

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Supported by a grant from the Curt-Bohnewand-Fonds, University of Munich, Title 54773.

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Heberer, G., Denecke, H., Demmel, N. et al. Local procedures in the management of rectal cancer. World J. Surg. 11, 499–503 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655815

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