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Cholecystectomy and drainage: Ultrasonographic and radioisotopic evaluation

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Abstract

Eighty patients undergoing cholecystectomy were either assigned deliberately (n=30) or randomized (n=50) to drainage (n=38) or nondrainage (n=42). Subhepatic collections were seen on ultrasonography (US) after 48 to 72 hours in 12 of 35 patients with drainage and 24 of 42 patients without drainage (p<0.05). Only two patients with subhepatic collections were symptomatic, and none required treatment. Postoperative infective complications were seen in 13 of 38 patients with drainage and 4 of 42 without drainage (p<0.01). Five of 12 patients with drainage and with a collection, and none of the 18 patients without drainage and without a collection had postoperative infective complications (p<0.05). Cholecystectomy was then performed in 100 patients without using a drain. BULIDA radioisotope scans revealed a bile leak in only 4 of 34 patients studied. Subhepatic collections were seen on US after 48 to 72 hours in 42 patients. The collection resolved in 22 patients and was smaller in 6 on repeat US. None of the patients with collection was symptomatic, and none required treatment. Postoperative infective complications were seen in 7 of 42 patients with a collection and 5 of 58 patients without a collection (not significant). We conclude that (1) cholecystectomy with drainage is associated with more infective complications than when a drain is not used; (2) cholecystectomy without drainage is safe; and (3) asymptomatic nonbilious subhepatic collections are common after cholecystectomy without drainage but do not require treatment, resolving spontaneously.

Résumé

Quatre-vingt patients (50 par randomisation) ont eu un drainage (n=38) ou non (n=42) après cholécystectomie traditionnelle. Une collection soushépatique a été mise en évidence par échographie dans les 48–72 heures postopératoires chez 12/35 patients avec drainage et chez 24/42 patients sans drainage (p< 0.05). Seulement deux de ces collections étaient symptomatiques et aucune n'a nécessité de geste thérapeutique. Des complications postopératoires infectieuses ont été observées chez 13/38 patients ayant eu un drainage comparées à 4/42 des patients sans drainage (p<0.01). Cinq des 12 patients ayant eu un drainage et une collection ont eu une infection postopératoire comparés à aucun des 18 patients sans drainage ni collection (p<0.05). On a ensuite réalisé 100 cholécystectomies sans drainage. Une scintigraphie au technétium a mis en évidence une fuite biliaire chez 4 des 34 patients étudiés. Une collection soushépatique a été mise en évidence par échographie chez 42 patients. Lors de la surveillance échographique, la collection s'est résorbée spontanément chez 22 patients et a diminué d'importance chez 6. Aucune de ces collections n'étaient symptomatiques et aucune n'a nécessité de geste thérapeutique. Des complications postopératoires ont été observés chez 7/42 patients avec une collection comparés à 5/58 patients sans collection (différence non significative). Nous concluons que: (1) il y a plus d'infection lorsque l'on draine l'abdomen après une cholécystectomie que lorsque l'intervention se termine sans drainage; (2) la cholécystectomie sans drainage est sans danger; et (3) des collections bilieuses asymptomatiques sont fréquentes après cholécystectomie sans drainage, mais elles se résorbent habituellement sans nécessiter d'intervention.

Resumen

Ochenta pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía fueron randomizados a drenaje (38) o no drenaje (42). Se observaron colecciones subhepáticas en ultrasonografía practicada a las 48–72 horas en 12/35 pacientes con drenaje y en 24/42 pacientes sin drenaje (p<0.05). Sólo 2 de tales colecciones fueron sintomáticas y ninguna requirió tratamiento. Complicaciones sépticas postoperatorias fueron registradas en 13/38 pacientes con drenaje y en 4/42 sin drenaje (p<0.01). Cinco de 12 con drenaje y con colección subhepática, y ninguno de 18 sin drenaje y sin colección presentaron complicaciones sépticas postoperatorias (p<0.05). Después de esta serie se practicaron 100 colecistectomías sin drenaje. La escanografía con radioisótopos, BULIDA, reveló escape biliar en sólo 4 de 34 pacientes estudiados; se visualizaron colecciones subhepáticas por US a las 48–72 horas en 42 pacientes. La colección se resolvió en 22 y apareció menor en 6 casos en que se repitió la US. Ninguna de estas colecciones fue sintomática y ninguna requirió tratamiento alguno. Se registraron complicaciones sépticas en 7/42 pacientes con colección y en 5/58 sin colección (ns). Nuestra conclusión es que la colecistectomía con drenaje se asocia con un numéro mayor de complicaciones sépticas. La colecistectomía libre de drenaje es un procedimiento seguro; las colecciones no biliares subhepáticas asintomáticas son frecuentes después de la colecistectomía sin drenaje pero no requieren tratamiento y se resuelven espontáneamente.

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Kapoor, V.K., Ibrarullah, M., Baijal, S.S. et al. Cholecystectomy and drainage: Ultrasonographic and radioisotopic evaluation. World J. Surg. 17, 101–104 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655718

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