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Serum thyroglobulin concentration in nontoxic goiter and response to surgery with special reference to risk of goiter relapse

  • International Association of Endocrine Surgeons—Manuscripts Presented at the 31st Congress of the International Society of Surgery
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Abstract

A consecutive series of 45 thyroglobulin antibody-negative patients were operated on for nontoxic goiter and subsequently followed systematically for 3 years. Preoperative mean log serum thyroglobulin was elevated with a significantly positive correlation to the size of removed goiter tissue. No thyroid replacement was given postsurgically. Following operation, the thyroglobulin level decreased significantly reaching a minimum at 1 year. Thereafter, there was a continuous rise. Free thyroxine index and serum thyrotropin showed changes corresponding to transient hypothyroidism 1 month after surgery, being gradually normalized within 1 year. At 3 years, a thyrotropinreleasing hormone (TRH) test showed the highest thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) response in patients with elevated baseline thyroglobulin. Clinical investigation at 3 years, however, revealed no goiter relapse. Therefore, the predictive value of thyroglobulin with reference to recurrence of goiter could not be established as yet. The hypothetical assumption that patients who postoperatively present an elevated serum thyroglobulin level are more likely to develop recurrence compared to those with low thyroglobulin levels is discussed and will be tested further by a prolonged follow-up period.

Résumé

Une série de 45 malades sans anticorps antithyroglobuline ont été opérés pour goitre nontoxique et suivis ultérieurement pendant 3 ans. Le taux moyen de la thyroglobuline dans le sérum était élevé avant l'intervention et en corrélation avec l'importance du tissu pathologique qui fut réséqué. L'intervention ne fut jamais complétée par une médication thyroïdienne. Après l'intervention le taux de la thyroglobuline s'abaissa progressivement pour atteindre son niveau le plus bas 1 an après l'intervention avant de se relever ensuite de manière continue. L'index de la thyroxine libre et de la thyrotroptine sérique fut modifié témoignant d'un hypothyroïdisme passager 1 mois après l'intervention, mais celui-ci disparut en 12 mois. Trois ans après l'intervention le test à la TRH provoqua la réponse TSH la plus marquée chez les sujets dont la thyroglobuline de base était élevée cependant l'exploration clinique ne décela alors aucune récidive. En conséquence la valeur prédictive de la thyroglobuline en ce qui concerne la possibilité de récidive du goitre n'a pu être établie jusqu'à présent. L'hypothèse selon laquelle les sujets qui présentent un taux élevé de thyroglobuline sérique après l'intervention sont plus exposés que les autres à une récidive, est discutée et demande à être testée sur une plus longue période d'observation.

Resumen

Una serie consecutiva de 45 pacientes con anticuerpos tiroglobulina negativos fueron operados por bocio no tóxico y luego seguidos en forma sistemática por 3 años. La tiroglobulina sérica preoperatoria apareció elevada con significativa correlación positiva con el tamaño del tejido bocioso resecado. No se administró reemplazo tiroideo en el período postoperatorio. Después de la operación, el nivel de tiroglobulina descendió en forma significativa para llegar al mínimo al final de 1 año. El indice de tiroxina libre y la tirotropina sérica mostraron cambios correspondientes al hipotiroidismo transitorio al mes de la cirugía, con normalización gradual en el curso de 1 ano. A los 3 años, la prueba de TRH mostró la más alta respuesta de TSH en los pacientes con elevación de los niveles básicos de tiroglobulina. Sinembargo, la investigación clínica a los 3 años reveló que no había recurrencia del bocio. Por consiguiente, no fue posible establecer todavía el valor predictivo de la tiroglobulina en relación a la recurrencia del bocio. La asunción hipotética de que los pacientes que en el postoperatorio presentan elevados niveles séricos de tiroglobulina tienen mayor probabilidad de desarrollar recurrencia en relación a aquellos con bajos niveles de tiroglobulina es motivo de discusión y será sometida a mayor comprobación futura mediante un prolongado período de observación. La tiroglobulina sérica puede ser una variable de importancia en el proceso de selección de aquellos pacientes que deben recibir tratamiento postoperatorio con hormonas tiroideas.

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Supported by the Danish Hospital Foundation in the region of Copenhagen, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands.

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Feldt-Rasmussen, U., Blichert-Toft, M., Date, J. et al. Serum thyroglobulin concentration in nontoxic goiter and response to surgery with special reference to risk of goiter relapse. World J. Surg. 10, 566–570 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655526

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