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Adenylate cyclase activity as a predictor of thyroid tumor aggressiveness

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Abstract

Prior studies in our laboratory have shown that human thyroid neoplasms have a greater adenylate cyclase activity in response to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) than does the adjacent histologically normal thyroid tissue. However, there is little information relating activity of the TSH receptor-adenylate cyclase system to the type of thyroid neoplasm. Thyroid tissue from 67 patients was divided by clinical and histological criteria into 6 categories: normal (59), benign tumors (20), stage 1 carcinoma—intrathyroidal involvement only (25), stage 2 carcinomaregional lymph node involvement (6), stage 3 and 4 carcinoma—tissue invasion or distant metastasis (11), and medullary carcinoma (3). Adenylate cyclase activity in an 8,000 x g thyroid membrane preparation was determined in the basal state and when maximally stimulated with 300 mU/ml TSH. The cyclase responsiveness was the ratio of TSH stimulated adenylate cyclase activity compared to basal adenylate cyclase activity. The cyclase responsiveness by category is: normal, 2.8±0.2 (mean ± SEM); benign, 17.9±2.4; stage 1 carcinoma, 9.2±1.9; stage 2 carcinoma, 4.0±1.0; stage 3 and 4 carcinoma, 1.6±0.4; and medullary carcinoma, 1.05±0.04 (for the neoplasms,p <0.02 by ANOVA). Tumor stage was the only correlate with this trend as other prognostic risk factors (age, sex, a history of neck irradiation, or papillary versus follicular histology) showed no difference in cyclase responsiveness. These studies demonstrate a consistent inverse correlation between adenylate cyclase responsiveness and tumor stage or aggressiveness. Cyclase responsiveness appears to have clinical application for predicting which thyroid tumors will behave aggressively.

Résumé

Les études antérieures provenant de nos laboratoires ont démontré une augmentation de l'activité enzymatique de l'adénylate-cyclase en réponse à la thyroïd stimulating hormone (TSH) dans le tissu thyroïdien humain tumoral, par rapport au tissu thyroïdien adjacent normal. Cependant il existe peu de données concernant l'activité du système récepteur TSH/adénylatecyclase par rapport au type de tumeur de la thyroïde. Les tissus thyroïdiens provenant de 67 patients différents ont été repartis en 6 groupes selon des critères cliniques et histologiques: normal (59), tumeur bénigne (20), cancer stade 1 (intrathyroïdien uniquement) (25), cancer stade 2 (envahissement ganglionnaire régional) (6), cancer stade 3 et 4 (envahissement tissulaire avoisinant ou métastases à distance (11), et cancer médullaire (3). A partir d'une préparation de membrane thyroïdienne centrifugée à 8,000 × g, l'activité de l'adénylate-cyclase a été déterminée en l'état basai et après stimulation maximale par 300 mU/ml de TSH. La réponse enzymatique a été mesurée comme étant le rapport de l'activité stimulée par la TSH/activité basale. Les résultats selon les 6 groupes étaient (moyen±ET): tissu normal, 2.8±0.2; tumeur bénigne, 17.9±2.4; cancer stade 1, 9.2±1.9; cancer stade 2, 4.0±1.0; cancers stade 3 et 4, 1.6±0.4; et cancer médullaire, 1.05±0.04 (p < 0.02 par l'analyse de variance pour les néoplasies). Le stade tumoral était la seule variable corrélée avec l'activité enzymatique. L'activité enzymatique n'était pas corrélée avec l'âge, le sexe, les antécédents d'irradiation cervicale antérieure ou l'histologie (papillaire vs. folliculaire). Ces études montrent un rapport inversement proportionnel entre l'activité d'adénylate-cyclase et le degré d'agressivité tumorale ou le stade. La réponse d l'adénylate-cyclase paraît avoir une application clinique: prévoir quelles tumeurs thyroïdiennes auront une évolution agressive.

Resumen

Estudios previos en nuestro laboratorio han demostrado que los neoplasmas tiroideos humanos poseen una mayor actividad de adenilato ciclasa en respuesta a la administración de hormona estimulante de la tiroides (TSH) que el tejido tiroideo histológicamente normal adyacente. Sin embargo, existe muy poca información sobre la relation de la actividad del sistema receptor de TSH-adenilato ciclasa y el tipo del neoplasma tiroideo. Tejido tiroideo proveniente de 67 pacientes fue dividido mediante criterios chlínicos e histológicos en 6 categorias: normal (59), tumores benignos (20), extensión intratiroidea solamente en estado 1 (25), carcinoma-extensión ganglionar regional en estado 2 (6), carcinoma-invasión tisular o metástasis distantes en estados 3 y 4 (11), y carcinoma medular (3). La actividad de la adenilato ciclasa en una preparación de membrana tiroidea de 8,000 × g fue determinada en el estado basai y en estado de maxima estimulación con 300 mU/ml TSH. El grado de respuesta de la ciclasa fue la tasa de actividad de la adenilato ciclasa estimulada por TSH comparada con la actividad basai de la adenilato ciclasa. El grado de respuesta por categorías fue: normal, 2.8±0.2; tumor benigno, 17.9±2.4; carcinoma estado 1, 9.2±1.9; carcinoma estado 2, 4.0±1.0; carcinoma estados 3 y 4, 1.6±0.4; y carcinoma medular, 1.05±0.04 (para los neoplasmas,p < 0.02 por ANOVA). El estado del tumor apareció como el único factor de correlatión con esta gradación, ya que otros factures de pronóstico (edad, sexo, historia de irradiación cervical, histología papilar versus folicular) no demostraron diferencia en cuanto al grado de respuesta de la ciclasa. Estos estudios demuestran una consistente relación inversa entre el grado de respuesta de la adenilato ciclasa y el estado o agresividad tumoral. El grado de respuesta de la ciclasa parece tener aplicación clínica para predecir qué tumores tiroideos se habrán de comportar en forma agresiva.

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Supported in part by the Medical Research Service of the Veterans Administration.

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Siperstein, A.E., Zeng, Q.H., Gum, E.T. et al. Adenylate cyclase activity as a predictor of thyroid tumor aggressiveness. World J. Surg. 12, 528–532 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655441

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