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Vitamin D deficiency and hyperparathyroidism with severe bone disease

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Abstract

Circulating 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3) levels are low in Saudi Arabia due to a lack of sunlight exposure and a low dietary intake of vitamin D (vit D). Recent studies in animals and man indicate that the half-life of 25OHD3 is reduced in states of hyperparathyroidism. We, therefore, reviewed the charts of 43 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) to establish whether there was coexisting vit D deficiency and osteomalacia. In the 22 patients studied, 25OHD3 levels were below normal in 14 and in the low normal range in 7, and the 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] levels were inappropriately low in 8 of the 9 studied. Three of the 13 patients with classical “parathyroid” bone disease had evidence of osteomalacia with Looser's nodes or rickets.

We conclude that patients with primary HPT are likely to develop vit D deficiency in countries in which 25OHD3, stores are low. In selected cases, preoperative treatment with vit D might diminish subsequent bone hunger.

Résumé

Les taux circulants de 25-hydroxycholécalciférol (25OHD3) sont bas en Arabie Saoudite en raison d'une non exposition au soleil et d'un régime pauvre en vitamine D. Des études récentes chez l'animal et chez l'homme ont indiqué que la demi-vie de 25OHD3 était raccourcie dans l'hyperparathyroidisme. Nous avons donc revu les dossiers de 43 patients avec un hyperparathyroidisme primitif (HPT) pour savoir s'ils avaient un déficit en vitamine D avec ostéomalacie. Chez les 22 patients étudiés, les taux de 25OHD3 étaient inférieurs à la normale chez 14 et à la limite inférieure de la normale chez 7. Le taux de 1,25-dihydroxycholécalciférol était abaissé chez 8 de 9 patients étudiés pour ce métabolite. Trois des 13 patients présentant une maladie osseuse “parathyroïdienne” classique avaient des signes d'ostéomalacie avec “zones de Looser”ou scorbut.

Nous concluons que les malades ayant un HPT primitif sont susceptibles de développer une déficience en vitamine D dans les pays où les stocks en 25OHD3 sont pauvres. Dans des cas sélectionnés, le traitement préopératoire par la vitamine D pourrait réduire cet état.

Resumen

Los niveles circulantes de 25-hidroxicolecalciferol (25OHD3) aparecen bajos en Arabia Saudita debido a poca exposition a la luz solar y una ingesta reducida de vitamina D (vit D). Estudios recientes en animales y en humanos indican que la vida media de la 25OHD3 se reduce en los estados de hiperparatiroidismo. Hemos revisado las historias clinicas de 43 pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo primario (HPT) con el fin de establecer si habia o no osteomalacia por deficiencia de vit D. En los 22 pacientes estudiados los niveles de 25OHD3 aparecieron por debajo del nivel normal en 14 y en el rango bajo normal en 7, y los niveles de 1,25-dihidroxicolecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] aparecieron inapropiadamente bajos en 8 de 9 pacientes estudiados. Tres de los 13 pacientes con la “clásica” enfermedad ósea paratiroidea tenían evidencia de osteomalacia con nódulos de Looser o raquitismo.

Nuestra conclusión es que los pacientes con HPT primario tienen propensión a desarrollar deficiencia de vit D en países donde las reservas corporales de 25OHD3 son bajas. En casos seleccionados el tratamiento preoperatorio con vit D puede disminuir la subsiguiente hambre ósea.

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Ingemansson, S.G., Hugosson, C.H. & Woodhouse, N.J.Y. Vitamin D deficiency and hyperparathyroidism with severe bone disease. World J. Surg. 12, 517–521 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655437

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