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The effect of intravenous magnesium sulphate on parathyroid function in primary hyperparathyroidism

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Abstract

Ten patients with primary hyperparathyroidism caused by enlargement of a single parathyroid gland were studied preoperatively. An intravenous bolus of 4 g magnesium sulphate followed by a continuous infusion of 2 g per hour for 3 hours increased serum magnesium from 0.76 to 2.12 mmol/l (median values,p <0.005). Serum C-terminal parathyroid hormone (PTH) decreased from 94 to 78 pmol/l (p <0.005), and serum intact PTH from 7.0 to 4.8 pmol/l (p <0.008). The PTH changes preceded decreases in serum total calcium from 2.79 to 2.55 mmol/1 (p <0.01), and serum ionized calcium from 1.52 to 1.45 mol/1 (p <0.007). Urinary calcium excretion increased and urinary phosphate excretion decreased. Serum phosphorus, pH, albumin, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, and urinary cyclic AMP showed no significant changes. The study showed that an intravenous magnesium sulphate infusion which at least doubled the normal serum magnesium concentration significantly suppressed PTH secretion in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and subsequently reduced the serum calcium concentration.

Résumé

Dix patients présentant un hyperparathyroïdisme dû à l'hypertrophie d'une seule glande parathyroïdienne ont été étudiés avant d'être opérés. Une injection intraveineuse de sulfate de magnésie, 4 g, en bolus, suivie d'une infusion continue de 2 g/h pendant 3 heures a augmenté la concentration sérique en magnésie de 0.76 à 2.12 mmol/l (valeurs médianes,p < 0.005). La concentration en parathormone sérique (PTH), dosée par la méthode immunologique C-terminale a baissé de 94 à 78 pmol/l (p < 0.005) alors que celle de la PTH intacte a baissé de 7.0 à 4.8 pmol/l (p < 0.008). Ces changements en concentration de PTH ont précédé des diminutions en calcium total de 2.79 à 2.55 mmol/l (p < 0.01), et de calcium ionisé de 1.52 à 1.45 mmol/l (p < 0.007). Le taux d'excrétion urinaire de calcium a augmenté alors que l'excrétion en phosphates a diminué. Il n'y avait pas de modifications significatives dans les valeurs de la phosphorémie, le pH, l'albuminémie, la créatinine ou les phosphatases alcalines dans le sérum; de même, le taux d'AMP cyclique urinaire n'a pas changé. Cette étude montre qu'une perfusion intraveineuse de sulfate de magnésie, augmentant la concentration sérique en magnésie d'au moins le double, déprime de façon significative la sécrétion en PTH chez les patients présentant un hyperparathyroîdisme primitif et par conséquent a réduit l'hypercalcémie.

Resumen

Diez pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo primario causado por una glándula única aumentada de tamaño fueron estudiados preoperatoriamente. Un bolo intravenoso de 4 g de sulfato de magnesio seguido de una infusión continua a razon de 2 g por hora por 3 horas, produjo un aumento en el magnesio sérico de 0.76 a 2.12 mmol/l (valores promedio,p < 0.005). El nivel sérico de la fracíon C-terminal de la hormona paratiroidea (PTH) descendió de 94 a 78 pmol/l (p < 0.005), y el nivel de la PTH intacta de 7.0 a 4.8 pmol/l (p < 0.008). Los cambios en la PTH precedieron a la disminución en la concentracíon del calcio sérico de 2.79 a 2.55 mmol/l (p < 0.01), y del calcio ionizado sérico de 1.52 a 1.45 mmol/l (p < 0.007). La excreción de calcio urinario aumentó y la excreción de fosfato urinario disminuyó. El fósforo sérico, pH, albúmina, creatinina, fosfatasa alcalina, y AMP cíclica urinaria no mostraron cambios significativos. El estudio demostró que una infusión intravenosa de sulfato de magnesio que logre por lo menos doblar la concentracíon normal de magnesio sérico suprime en forma significativa la secrecíon de PTH en pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo primario y consecuentemente reduce la concentracíon sérica de calcio.

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Gough, I.R., Balderson, G.A., Lloyd, H.M. et al. The effect of intravenous magnesium sulphate on parathyroid function in primary hyperparathyroidism. World J. Surg. 12, 463–468 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655421

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