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Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A minor abdominal trauma?

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Abstract

Clinical observations following laparoscopic surgery indicate a shorter period of postoperative ileus than after conventional surgery. The aim of our study was to verify disorders of postoperative motility of the small intestine by means of implanted electrodes after laparoscopic and conventional cholecystectomy (CHE) in an animal model. Four weeks after implantation of three electrodes on the jejunum, CHE was performed laparoscopically in 5 dogs and in an additional 5 dogs by laparotomy. Independent of the type of operation, normal motility (especially the migrating motility complex) was abolished during the early postoperative period. Electrical activity was characterized by the basic electrical rhythm. Time to the occurrence of the first postoperative activity front, indicating restoration of motility, varied significantly depending on the type of operation: It was 5.5 ±1.0 hours after laparoscopic CHE and 46 ±5 hours after conventional CHE. These results support the hypothesis that small peritoneal incisions and less manipulation of the intestine during laparoscopic surgery result in reduced abdominal trauma.

Résumé

Les observations cliniques après la chirurgie laparoscopique sont en faveur d'une période d'iléus post-opératoire plus courte qu'après laparotomie. Le but de cette étude a été de vérifier le bien-fondé de ces perturbations de la motricité post-opératoire de l'intestin grêle grâce à des électrodes implantées pendant une cholécystectomie par voie traditionnelle ou par voie coelioscopique chez l'animal. Quatre semaines après l'implantation de trois électrodes, cinq chiens ont eu une cholécystectomie soit par laparotomie soit par coelioscopie. L'activité électrique était caractérisée par un rythme de base et l'étude du complexe moteur migrant. La motricité intestinale précoce a été perturbée, et notamment le complexe moteur migrant a été aboli, dans les deux groupes. Le délai entre l'intervention et la reprise d'activité électrique a été de 5.5 ±1 heure après coelioscopie et de 46 ±5 heures après laparotomie. Ces résultats sont en faveur de l'hypothèse selon laquelle la réduction de la taille de l'incision et des manipulations de l'intestin pendant la chirurgie coelioscopique réduisent également le traumatisme opératoire.

Resumen

Las observaciones clínicas tras cirugía laparoscópica indican un período postoperatorio de ileo más corto. El propósito de nuestro estudio fue verificar las alteraciones en la motilidad postoperatoria del intestino delgado por medio de electrodos implantados en un modelo animal sometido a colecistectomía laparoscópica y colecistectomía convencional. Cuatro semanas después de la implementación de 3 electrodos en el yeyuno, se realizó una colecistectomía laparoscópica en 5 perros y por vía de laparotomía en 5 perros adicionales. Independiente del tipo de operación, la motilidad normal, especialmente los complejos de motilidad migratoria, apareció abolida en el período postoperatorio temprano. La actividad eléctrica se caracterizó por el ritmo eléctrico básico. El tiempo entre la aparición de la primera actividad postoperatoria indicativa de restauración de la motilidad varió significativamente según el tipo de operación, siendo 5.5 ±1 h luego de colecistectomía laparoscópica y 46+5 h luego de colecistectomía convencional. Los resultados dan apoyo a la hipótesis de que las pequeñas incisiones peritoneales y la menor manipulación del intestino implicados en la cirugía laparoscópica resultan en menor trauma abdominal.

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Schippers, E., Öttinger, A.P., Anurov, M. et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A minor abdominal trauma?. World J. Surg. 17, 539–542 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655118

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