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Abrogation of the beneficial blood transfusion effect in dogs by splenectomy

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Abstract

The role of the spleen in the manifestation of the transfusion phenomenon was studied in beagle dogs. Beagles were transfused 3 times with 100 ml blood from different mismatched mongrel dogs, at 4, 3, and 2 weeks before mongrel kidney transplantation or splenectomy. Seven transfused dogs were splenectomized 1 week before transplantation, 9 transfused animals were not splenectomized, and a group of 9 kidney allografted controls was neither transfused nor splenectomized. All recipients were given postoperative immunosuppression, which consisted of azathioprine and prednisolone.

As with earlier demonstrations it was found that 3 pretransplant blood transfusions in the nonsplenectomized group led to a significant prolongation of kidney graft survival. All transfused animals survived for more than 3 weeks, a period in which more than 50% of the kidneys in the control group were rejected. Four out of 9 transfused dogs became long-term survivors. In the transfused-splenectomized group, 70% of the recipients rejected their kidney acutely within 3 weeks, and only one animal became a long-term survivor. The absence of a transfusion effect in most of the splenectomized dogs suggests that, under the experimental conditions employed, the spleen plays a crucial role for the induction and manifestation of the transfusion phenomenon.

Résumé

Les effets bénéfiques des transfusions de sang sur la survie des organes greffés ont été établis par de nombreuses études chez l'animal et chez l'homme. La suppression de ces effets par la splénectomie fait l'objet de cette étude expérimentale menée chez les chiens de race beagle. Ces chiens reçurent 3 fois une transfusion de 100 ml de sang provenant de chiens bâtards, 4, 3, et 2 semaines avant la transplantation d'un rein de chien bâtard ou avant une splénectomie. Sept des chiens transfusés furent splénectomisés une semaine avant la transplantation, neuf ne furent pas splénectomisés et un groupe de contrôle de neuf chiens qui avaient reçu une allogreffe ne furent ni transfusés ni splénectomisés. Tous les chiens greffés reçurent un traitement immuno-suppresseur postopératoire par azathioprine et prednisolone.

Comme cela a déjà été démontré, l'étude entreprise a permis de constater que les 3 transfusions préopératoires chez les chiens qui ne furent pas splénectomisés se sont soldées par un prolongement significatif de la durée de survie du rein greffé; en effet les chiens transfusés ont survécu plus de 3 semaines, période au cours de laquelle 50% des reins greffés furent rejetés dans le groupe de contrôle; 4 des 9 chiens qui avaient été transfusés avant l'intervention sont d'ailleurs entrés dans le groupe des survivants à long terme.

En ce qui concerne le groupe des chiens transfusés puis splénectomisés, 70% des beagles greffés présentèrent une réaction de rejet au cours des 3 semaines suivant la greffe et un seul animal a survécu à long terme.

L'absence des effets bénéfiques de la transfusion chez la majorité des chiens splénectomisés conduit à penser que, dans les conditions expérimentales suivies, la rate joue un rôle crucial dans l'induction et l'expression de ces effets.

Resumen

El efecto benéfico de las transfusiones de sangre sobre la supervivencia de órganos transplantados ha sido confirmado en numerosos estudios en animales y en el hombre. Poco se conoce sobre el mecanismo involucrado en el fenómeno transfusional.

El papel del bazo en la manifestación del fenómeno transicional fue estudiado en perros. Los perros fueron transfundidos tres veces con 100 ml de sangre canina 4, 3 y 2 semanas antes del transplante de riñón o la esplenectomía. Siete perros transfundidos fueron esplenectomizados una semana antes del transplante, nueve animales transfundidos no fueron esplenectomizados y un grupo control de nueve alotransplantes no fue transfundido ni esplenectomizado. Todos los recipientes recibieron inmunosupresión con azatioprina y prednisolona.

Al igual que lo demostrado previamente, se encontró que la administración de 3 transfusiones pretransplante en el grupo no esplenectomizado resultó en una prolongación significativa de la supervivencia del transplante renal. Todos los animales transfundidos sobrevivieron por más de 3 semanas, periodo durante el cual más del 50% de los riñones en el grupo de control fue rechazado. Cuatro de 9 perros transfundidos se convirtieron en sobrevivientes a largo plazo. En el grupo transfundidoesplenectomizado, el 70% de los recipientes rechazaron el riñón en forma aguda en las primeras 3 semanas, y sólo un animal se convirtió en su perviviente a largo plazo.

La ausencia del efecto transfusional en la mayoría de los animales esplenectomizados sugiere que, bajo las condiciones experimentales utilizadas, el bazo juega un papel crucial en la inducción y manifestación del fenómeno transfusional.

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Marquet, R.L., Heineman, E., Tank, B. et al. Abrogation of the beneficial blood transfusion effect in dogs by splenectomy. World J. Surg. 8, 408–412 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655091

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