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Indications and late results of subtotal parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism after renal transplantation

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Abstract

In view of the current controversy about the relative merits of subtotal versus total parathyroidectomy plus autograft for the treatment of parathyroid hyperplasia, we reviewed the results of subtotal parathyroidectomy in 6 patients with hyperparathyroidism after successful renal transplantation. All had normal renal function and hypercalcemia (mean 11.4 mg/100 ml). The time elapsed between renal transplantation and parathyroidectomy ranged from 3 months to 10 years (mean 42 months). The indications for subtotal parathyroidectomy were: severe acute hypercalcemia after transplantation (1 case), persistent asymptomatic hypercalcemia (2 cases), allograft lithiasis (2 cases), and bone disease (1 case). Subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed, aiming to leave about 30–50 mg of parathyroid tissue, and included a routine transcervical thymectomy. The weight of resected tissue ranged between 0.6 and 2.4 g per patient (mean 1.58 g). Immediate control of hypercalcemia was achieved in all cases. No patient needed replacement therapy with calcium and/or vitamin D after the operation. The 6 patients were followed from 8 months to 4.5 years (mean 34 months) and all had normal calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase serum values at the time of their last visit. A reappraisal of the surgical indications for hypercalcemia after renal transplantation is needed because severe longterm complications (allograft lithiasis) may develop in patients with minimal hypercalcemia. Subtotal parathyroidectomy is a good operation for treating hyperparathyroidism in patients with functioning renal allografts.

Résumé

En vue d'apprécier les mérites relatifs de la parathyroïdectomie subtotale et de la parathyroïdectomie totale suivie d'autogreffe pour traiter l'hyperplasie parathyroïdienne, nous avons étudié les résultats de la parathyroïdectomie subtotale chez six malades qui présentaient un hyperparathyroïdisme après transplantation rénale suivie de succès. Tous les six présentaient une fonction rénale normale et une hypercalcémie (moyenne 11,4 mg%). Le temps écoulé entre la greffe et la parathyroïdectomie allait de 3 mois à 10 ans (moyenne 42 mois). Les indications de la parathyroïdectomie subtotale furent les suivantes: hypercalcémie aiguë intensive après la greffe (1 cas), hypercalcémie asymptomatique persistante (2 cas), lithiase au niveau du greffon (2 cas), atteinte osseuse (1 cas). La parathyroïdectomie subtotale consista à laisser en place seulement 30–50 mg de tissu parathyroïdien et fut complétée par une thymectomie systématique par voie cervicale. Le poids du tissu réséqué allait de 0,6 à 2,4 g (1,58 g en moyenne). Le contrôle immédiat de l'hypercalcémie en résulta dans tous les cas. Aucun opéré n'eut besoin de recevoir du calcium et/ou de la vitamine D après l'intervention. Les six malades ont été suivis de 8 mois à 4,5 ans après l'intervention (34 mois en moyenne). Tous présentaient lors de leur dernière visite un taux normal de calcium, de phosphate et de phosphatase alcaline.

Une nouvelle appréciation des indications chirurgicales concernant l'hypercalcémie secondaire à la transplantation rénale est nécessaire en raison des complications graves à long terme (lithiase au niveau du transplant) qui peuvent se manifester chez les greffés qui présentent une hypercalcémie discrète. La parathyroïdectomie subtotale est une bonne opération pour traiter l'hyperparathyroïdisme chez les sujets dont la greffe rénale présente des fonctions satisfaisantes.

Resumen

En vista de la actual controversia sobre los méritos relativos de la paratiroidectomía subtotal versus la paratiroidectomía total con autotransplante en el tratamiento de la hiperplasia paratiroidea, hemos revisado los resultados de la paratiroidectomía subtotal en seis pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo después de transplante renal. Todos exhibieron función renal normal e hipercalcemia (promedio 11,4 mg%). El lapso entre el transplante renal y la paratiroidectomía osciló entre 3 meses y 10 años (promedio 42 meses). Las indicaciones para paratiroidectomía subtotal fueron: hipercalcemia aguda severa después del transplante (1 caso), hipercalcemia asintomática persistente (2 casos), litiasis en el transplante (2 casos) y enfermedad ósea (1 caso).

La paratiroidectomía subtotal fue realizada dejando un remanente de 30–50 mg de tejido paratiroideo y comprendió una timectomía transcervical rutinaria con el objeto de incluir posibles cuarta glándula “ausente” o glándulas supernumerarias. El peso de los tejidos resecados varió entre 0,6 y 2,4 g por paciente (promedio 1,58 g). Control inmediato de la hipercalcemia fue logrado en todos los casos. Ningún paciente requirió terapia de reemplazo con calcio y/o vitamina D después de la operación. Los seis pacientes fueron seguidos desde 8 meses hasta 4,5 años (promedio 34 meses) y todos presentaban valores séricos normales de calcio, fosfato y fosfatasa alcalina en el momento de su última visita. Es necesario hacer una reevaluación de las indicaciones quirúrgicas en el manejo de la hipercalcemia después de transplante renal, puesto que severas complicaciones a largo plazo (litiasis en el transplante) pueden desarrollarse en pacientes con mínima hipercalcemia. La paratiroidectomía subtotal es una buena operación para el tratamiento del hiperparatiroidismo en pacientes con alotransplantes renales funcionantes.

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Sitges-Serra, A., Esteller, E., Ricart, M.J. et al. Indications and late results of subtotal parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism after renal transplantation. World J. Surg. 8, 534–539 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01654931

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