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Prevalence of C-cell hyperplasia and medullary thyroid carcinoma in a consecutive series of pheochromocytoma patients

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Abstract

During a 27-year period (1956–1982), 64 patients were treated surgically for pheochromocytoma. There was no kinship among any of these subjects. The true prevalence of C-cell disease of the thyroid in this series was searched for by performing serum calcitonin determinations after provocation with pentagastrin. Postoperative follow-up of the pheochromocytoma disease was performed by blood pressure measurement and determination of urinary excretion of catecholamines and metabolites. Ten individuals (15.6%) were found to have C-cell disease indicating that they had multiple endocrine neoplasia type II (MEN II) syndromes. Seven of these patients had been diagnosed before the time of follow-up evaluation, 4 because of symptoms and 3 because of the screening procedure. At the systematic follow-up, 3 “new” cases of C-cell disease were diagnosed. As a result of the screening procedure, we found 4 “new” MEN II kindreds. After unilateral adrenalectomy, 7 of the 10 MEN II patients have been followed for more than 7.7 years without signs of recurrent adrenal disease.

Our results suggest that the prevalence of MEN II syndromes among pheochromocytoma patients is higher than previously reported. Removal of only grossly evident pheochromocytomas and careful follow-up is a good alternative to routine bilateral adrenalectomy in MEN II patients with pheochromocytoma.

Résumé

Pendant une période de 27 ans dont le terme s'est situé en 1982, 64 malades ont été opérés pour phéochromocytome. Il n'y avait pas de lien de parenté parmi ces malades. L'existence éventuelle d'une maladie à cellules C de la thyroïde fut recherchée en déterminant le taux de la calcitonine après stimulation par la pentagastrine. Les opérés furent suivis en mesurant la pression artérielle et le taux d'excrétion dans les urines des cathécholamines et des métabolites.

Dix opérés (15.6%) ont présenté une affection thyroïdienne à cellules C témoignant qu'ils étaient atteints d'un syndrome type MEN II. Sept parmi ces dix opérés ont vu leur affection reconnue avant le moment du test, quatre parce qu'ils présentaient des manifestations cliniques et trois grâce à l'examen de dépistage. Lors des examens postopératoires trois nouveaux cas furent reconnus. L'examen de dépistage permit de retrouver quatre nouveaux syndromes MEN II apparentés.

Sept des dix malades qui présentaient un syndrome MEN II après adrénalectomie unilatérale ont été suivis plus de 7,7 ans sans signes de récidive d'affection surrénale.

Ces résultats suggèrent que la fréquence du syndrome MEN II chez les sujets atteints de phéochromocytome est plus élevée qu'on le croyait. L'ablation exclusive des phéochromocytomes évidents et une observation attentive des sujets ainsi opérés représente donc une bonne alternative à l'adrénalectomie bilatérale systématique chez les sujets qui présentent un syndrome MEN II avec phéochromocytome.

Resumen

Cuando se hace el diagnóstico de carcinoma medular de tiroides, usualmente se procede a investigar la posible presencia de un feocromocitoma concomitante (síndromes de neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipos II y IIB). Esto es realizado con anterioridad a la operación tiroidea, a fin de evitar las consecuencias potencialmente desastrosas de un tumor adrenal no identificado. Por el contrario, los pacientes con feocromocitomas no son regularmente investigados para determinar la presencia de carcinoma medular de tiroides o de hyperplasia de células C. En este estudio se realizó investigación de hipercalcitonemia en una serie consecutiva de pacientes con feocromocitoma para definir la prevalencia de enfermedad de las células C en tales pacientes.

En el curso del período de 27 años (1956–1982), 64 pacientes fueron tratados quirúrgicamente por feocromocitoma. No existió relación familiar entre ninguno de estos pacientes. Se investigó la prevalencia real de enfermedad de células C de la tiroides mediante la realización de determinaciones de calcitonina sérica después de provocación con pentagastrina. El seguimiento postoperatorio de la enfermedad por feocromocitoma fué hecho por medio de mediciones de la presión arterial y de la determinación de la excreción urinaria de catecolaminas y metabolitos.

Diez individuos (15.6%) fueron hallados con enfermedad de células C, indicando ésto que poseían el síndrome NEM II. Siete de los 10 pacientes habían sido diagnosticados previamente al período de estudio, cuatro en virtud de la sintomatología y tres por procedimientos de investigación general. Con el estudio de seguimiento sistemático se hallaron tres “nuevos” casos de enfermedad de células C. Como resultado del procedimiento de investigación general, encontramos 4 casos “nuevos” de familiares con síndrome NEM II.

Siete de nuestros 10 casos de NEM II han sido seguidos por más de 7.7 años sin evidencia de enfermedad adrenal recurrente.

Nuestros resultados sugieren que la prevalencia de síndromes NEM II en pacientes con feocromocitoma es más alta de lo que previamente ha sido informado. La resección de sólo los feocromocitomas macroscópicamente evidentes y un cuidadoso seguimiento es una buena alternativa a la adrenalectomía bilateral rutinaria en pacientes con NEM II con feocromocitoma.

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Supported by grants from the University of Göteborg, the Göteborg Medical Socity, and the Marcus Borgström Foundation.

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Jansson, S., Hansson, G., Salander, H. et al. Prevalence of C-cell hyperplasia and medullary thyroid carcinoma in a consecutive series of pheochromocytoma patients. World J. Surg. 8, 493–500 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01654922

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