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Wounds of the portal venous system

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Abstract

During a 23-year interval, 83 patients with wounds of the portal and/or superior mesenteric veins underwent emergency laparotomy. Six (7%) of the injuries were due to blunt trauma, while penetrating wounds accounted for the remaining 77 (93%). With one exception, associated organ injuries were routinely present and involved 120 other major vascular structures in 59 (71%) of the patients. Five patients with both portal and superior mesenteric vein injury and 3 others with isolated portal venous injury exsanguinated before repair could be accomplished.

Lateral phleborrhaphy gave survival in 24 of 34 patients so treated. End-to-end reanastomosis of the portal vein was successful in only 1 of 3 patients on whom it was attempted, while the single portacaval shunt led to a metabolic death. Of the initial 17 patients having vein ligation as a desperation measure, there were 7 survivors. Subsequent immediate application of this technique whenever lateral repair was impossible or impractical was successful in 17 of 20 so managed.

Death resulted from hemorrhagic shock (20), its attendant coagulopathy (7), or renal failure (2) in 29 patients. Two deaths were the result of failure to over-transfuse appropriately when portal venous ligation or thrombosis with its attendant splanchnic sequestration led to significant peripheral hypovolemia. The overall mortality rate was 41%, with individual mortality rates of 46% and 27% for the portal and superior mesenteric veins, respectively. There was no survival if both veins had been injured.

Résumé

Pendant une période de 23 ans 83 blessés atteints de blessures du tronc porte ou de la veine mésentérique supérieure ont subi une laparotomie d'urgence 6 étaient dues à une contusion abdominale (7%) et 77 à une plaie pénétrante (93%). Chez 59 de ces blessés (71%) ces lésions étaient associées avec d'autres blessures vasculaires importantes. Sont morts d'hémorragie profuse avant toute action possible 5 blessés atteints de blessures simultanées de la veine porte et de la veine mésentérique supérieure ainsi que 3 blessés atteints d'une blessure isolée du tronc porte.

La suture latérale de la blessure veineuse s'est soldée par 24 succès pour 34 blessés opérés par cette technique. L'anastomose termino-terminale du tronc porte tentée 3 fois a donné une guérison et deux échecs cependant que la seule anastomose porto-cave tentée s'est terminée par la mort. Sur les 17 blessés chez qui fut pratiquée en desespoir de cause la seule ligature du tronc porte 7 ont survécu 10 sont morts 29 malades opérés sont morts: de choc hémorragique: 20 cas; de coagulopathie: 7 cas, de défaillance rénale: 2 cas. 2 décès sont dus à l'échec d'une transfusion excessive après ligature veineuse lorsque la séquestration splanchnique du sang se traduit par un état d'hypovolémie périphérique.

La mortalité globale s'est élevée à 41% étant respectivement de 46% et de 27% selon que le tronc porte ou la veine mésentérique supérieure était en cause. La blessure simultanée des 2 veines s'est toujours soldée par la mort.

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Presented before the meeting of the Société Internationale de Chirurgie, Montreux, Switzerland, September, 1981.

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Stone, H.H., Fabian, T.C. & Turkleson, M.L. Wounds of the portal venous system. World J. Surg. 6, 335–340 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01653551

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