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Host response to mixed anaerobic infection with Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Fusobacterium necrophorum

Reaktion des Organismus gegenüber anaerober Mischinfektion mit Bacteroides melaninogenicus und Fusobacterium necrophorum

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Summary

This study characterizes the acute phase of the host response to mixed infection withBacteroides melaninogenicus andFusobacterium necrophorum. Female NMRI mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml of 1:1 mixtures ofB. melaninogenicus andF. necrophorum (total inoculum = 1 × 109 bacteria). This infectious dose was sufficient to produce septicemia within 24 hours, with subsequent hepatic abscess formation in survivors at one to two weeks. A 25–30% mortality rate was seen during the acute phase (0–96 h) of infection. Blood, liver and spleen samples were obtained at various intervals after infection; quantitative anaerobic bacteriology was performed. Laked blood BHI agar roll tubes were used to differentiate black-pigmentingB. melaninogenicus fromF. necrophorum. Other tests performed included: the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay for endotoxin, total white blood cell (WBC) count, differential WBC, hematocrit, blood glucose levels, and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activity. An acute to chronic infection progressed in mice infected with this mixture of anaerobic bacteria, whereas no infection resulted when either organism was injected alone. The first 96 hours of infection demonstrated a typical acute inflammation, documented by blood chemistry, hematology and histology. Quantitativein vivo growth patterns were obtained for both of the infecting bacteria. The liver and spleen were the tissues containing the most bacteria. The modified LAL assay revealed circulating endotoxin during the early phase of the infection. In nearly all of the survivors, chronic intrahepatic abscesses developed two to six weeks after the acute phase. The results suggest thatFusobacterium, which contains the more potent endotoxin, predisposes the animals to chronic infection withBacteroides which predominates during the chronic phase. Bacterial endotoxins probably play a more central role in this type of infection than was previously thought.

Zusammenfassung

Diese Studie charakterisiert die akute Phase der Reaktion des Organismus gegenüber einer Mischinfektion mitBacteroides melaninogenicus undFusobacterium necrophorum. Weibliche NMRI-Mäuse wurden i. p. mit 0,5 ml einer 1:1-Mischung vonB. melaninogenicus undF. necrophorum (Gesamtkeimzahl: 1 × 109 Bakterien) injiziert. Diese Infektionsdosis induzierte eine Septikämie innerhalb von 24 Stunden mit anschließender Ausbildung von Leberabszessen nach ein bis zwei Wochen in überlebenden Mäusen. Die Mortalitätsrate betrug 25–30% während der akuten Phase der Infektion (0–96 Stunden). Zu verschiedenen Zeiten wurden Blut-, Leber- und Milzproben auf die Zahl anaerober Bakterien überprüft. Überschichtete Blut-BHI-Rollröhrchen wurden verwendet zur Differenzierung von schwarz-pigmentiertemB. melaninogenicus gegenüberF. necrophorum. Weitere Untersuchungen wurden durchgeführt: Der Limulus-Amöbozyten-Lysat-(LAL)Test zur Bestimmung von Endotoxin; Leukozytenzahl, Differentialblutbild, Hämatokrit, Blut, Glukose sowie Serum-Glutamat-Pyruvat-Transaminase (SGPT). Die Mischung anaerober Bakterien führte über die akute zur chronischen Infektion, während die Injektion mit jeweils einem der beiden anaeroben Bakterienstämme allein keine Infektion induzierte. In den ersten 96 Stunden nach Mischinfektion manifestierte sich eine typische akute Entzündungsreaktion gemessen an klinisch-chemischen, hämatologischen und histologischen Parametern. Das quantitative Wachstumsmuster beider Bakterienstämmein vivo ergab die meisten Bakterien in der Leber und in der Milz. Die Durchführung der modifizierten LAL-Technik ergab zirkulierendes Endotoxin während der frühen Infektionsphase. In fast allen überlebenden Mäusen entwickelten sich chronische intrahepatische Abszesse zwei bis sechs Wochen nach der akuten Phase. Aus den Ergebnissen kann geschlossen werden, daßFusobacterium, welches wirksameres Endotoxin enthält, die Tiere prädisponiert zur Entwicklung einer chronischen Infektion mitBacteroides, die während der chronischen Phase vorherrschen. Es ist wahrscheinlich, daß bakterielle Endotoxine eine zentralere Rolle als bisher angenommen in diesem Infektionstyp einnehmen.

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McCallum, R.E., Urbaschek, R., Ditter, B. et al. Host response to mixed anaerobic infection with Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Fusobacterium necrophorum. Infection 11, 35–40 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01651356

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