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Randomized comparison of aztreonam and cefuroxime in gram-negative upper urinary tract infections

Randomisierte Vergleichsstudie mit Aztreonam und Cefuroxim bei Infektionen der oberen Harnwege durch gramnegative Bakterien

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Summary

In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of aztreonam in hospitalized patients with upper urinary tract infections (UTI), a comparative clinical study with cefuroxime was performed. 62/60% (aztreonam/cefuroxime) of the patients had a complicating factor, mostly obstructive uropathy. I.v. bolus injections were used at a dose of 1 g aztreonam or 1.5 g cefuroxime t.i.d., for a mean of 8.2 days (range: five to 14 days) except in patients with bacteraemia, who received a mean of 10.3 days (range: seven to 13 days) of therapy. 89% of the patients treated with aztreonam and 87% of those who received cefuroxime showed clinical cure and the bacteriological cure rate at one week post-therapy was 70% and 73% in the respective groups. The relapse/reinfection rate was high with both drugs; bacteriological cure at one month post-therapy was only 43% after aztreonam and 40% after cefuroxime. This suggests that these infections may need longer treatment times. Superinfections, mostly asymptomatic urinary colonization, occurred in 7% and 3%, respectively, and adverse reactions in 23% and 12%, respectively, of the patients treated with aztreonam or cefuroxime, the majority being mild and reversible and only 3% and 3%, respectively, requiring discontinuation of the therapy. The t 1/2 for aztreonam following a 1 g i.v. bolus was 2.0 h in six patients with creatinine clearance above 80 ml/min and 3.0 h in seven patients with creatinine clearance between 35–75 ml/min.

Zusammenfassung

Zur Bewertung der Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von Aztreonam bei stationären Patienten mit Infektionen der oberen Harnwege wurde eine klinische Vergleichsstudie mit Cefuroxim durchgeführt. Ein komplizierender Faktor, meist eine Harnwegsobstruktion, lag bei 62% der mit Aztreonam und 60% der mit Cefuroxim behandelten Patienten vor. Aztreonam wurde in einer Dosis von 1 g und Cefuroxim in einer Dosis von 1,5 g dreimal täglich als i.v. Bolus injiziert. Die mittlere Therapiedauer betrug 8,2 Tage (Bereich fünf bis 14 Tage); Patienten mit Bakteriämie wurden im Mittel 10,3 Tage (Bereich sieben bis 13 Tage) lang behandelt. Die klinische Heilungsrate betrug bei den mit Aztreonam behandelten Patienten 89%, in der Cefuroxim-Gruppe 87%. Bakteriologische Befunde, die eine Woche nach Therapieende erhoben wurden, zeigten in den entsprechenden Gruppen Erregereradikationsraten von 70 bzw. 73%. Die Rate an Rezidiven oder Reinfektionen war mit beiden Medikamenten hoch. Einen Monat nach Therapieende war die bakteriologische Heilungsrate in der mit Aztreonam behandelten Gruppe auf 43% und in der Cefuroxim-Gruppe auf 40% zurückgegangen. Daraus ist zu schließen, daß bei diesen Infektionen eine längere Therapiedauer erforderlich ist. Superinfektionen, bei denen es sich meist um eine asymptomatische Besiedelung der Harnwege handelte, traten nach Aztreonamtherapie in 7%, nach Cefuroxim in 3% der Fälle auf; zu unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen war es unter Aztreonam in 23% und unter Cefuroxim in 12% der Fälle gekommen. In den meisten Fällen waren die Nebenwirkungen leicht und reversibel, ein Abbruch der Therapie war in 3% bzw. 3% der Fälle nötig. Die Bestimmung der Aztreonam-Halbwertzeit ergab bei sechs Patienten mit einer Kreatinin-Clearance von mehr als 80 ml/min nach einer i.v. Bolusinjektion von 1 g 2,0 h, bei sieben Patienten mit einer Kreatinin-Clearance zwischen 35 und 75 ml/min betrug die Halbwertzeit t 1/2 3,0 h.

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Friman, G., Cars, O., Odenholt-Tornqvist, I. et al. Randomized comparison of aztreonam and cefuroxime in gram-negative upper urinary tract infections. Infection 17, 284–289 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01650709

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