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Legionellosis in heart transplant recipients

Legionärskrankheit bei Herztransplantierten

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Summary

We report on 20 cases of Legionnaires' Disease (LD) in heart transplant recipients during a two-year study. The overall frequency in this setting amounts thus to 17% (20/115). In contrast, the frequency of legionellosis in postoperative cardiac patients without immunosuppression was only 4.7% (4/84). Legionellosis was diagnosed by culture and/or antibody detection in ten (20) as well as by the detection of urinary antigens in all 20 patients. Only nine (20) patients developed pneumonia, whereas five patients presented with nodular infiltrates. The remaining six patients had moderate fever with no signs of lung infection. In contrast to the majority of patients with other underlying diseases, antigen shedding lasted for long periods in most transplant patients. In high risk patients the application of conventional diagnostic methods together with regular urinary antigen testings (i. e. twice a week) may be advantageous for the early diagnosis of Legionella infection.

Zusammenfassung

Wir berichten über 20 Erkrankungen von Legionärskrankheit bei Herztransplantierten während einer Zweijahresstudie. Die Erkrankungshäufigkeit betrug in dieser Patientengruppe 17% (20/115). Im Gegensatz dazu konnte bei herzoperierten Patienten ohne immunsuppressive Therapie nur eine Erkrankungshäufigkeit von 4,7% (4/84) festgestellt werden. Die Diagnose der Legionellose konnte kulturell und/oder durch Antikörpernachweis bei zehn (20) Patienten sowie durch Antigennachweis im Urin bei allen 20 Patienten gestellt werden. Nur neun von 20 Patienten erkrankten an einer Pneumonie, während fünf Patienten pulmonale Rundherde entwickelten. Die verbleibenden sechs Patienten zeigten Fieber ohne Hinweis auf eine Lungenbeteiligung. Im Gegensatz zur Mehrzahl der Legionellosepatienten mit anderen Grundkrankheiten, war die Antigenausscheidung bei den meisten Transplantationspatienten verlängert. Bei Risikopatienten kann eine regelmäßige (zweimal wöchentlich) Urinantigentestung — neben der konventionellen Legionellen-Diagnostik — für die Früherkennung der Legionellose von Vorteil sein.

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Horbach, I., Fehrenbach, F.J. Legionellosis in heart transplant recipients. Infection 18, 361–363 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01646407

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