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Cefpodoxime: Comparative antibacterial activity, influence of growth conditions, and bactericidal activity

Cefpodoxim: Vergleichende In-vitro-Aktivität, Einfluß von Wachstumsbedingungen und Bakterizidie

Summary

The antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime, the active metabolite of the new cephalosporin ester cefpodoxime proxetil, in comparison to cefixime, cefotiam, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime was determined against a broad spectrum of freshly isolated gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. Cefpodoxime was demonstrated to be inhibitory at concentrations of ≤1 mg/l against 90% of strains ofMoraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli (β-lactamase- negative strains),Klebsiella spp.,Serratia spp.,Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia spp., andSalmonella spp. This antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime was generally superior to that of cefuroxime and similar to that of cefixime. Cefpodoxime was active at ≤ 1 mg/l against 50% of the members of β-lactamase-producingEscherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter spp., andMorganella morganii. Cefpodoxime proved to be highly inhibitory against group A, B, and G streptococci andStreptococcus pneumoniae (MIC90 < 0.015 mg/l). The MICs of cefpodoxime and those of the other cephalosporins were <2 mg/l for ≥ 90% of the strains ofStaphylococcus aureus andStaphylococcus epidermidis, with the exception of cefixime which had no activity with MICs below 8 mg/l against these bacteria.Pseudomonas spp.,Acinetobacter spp., andEnterococcus spp. were resistant to cefpodoxime. The antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime was only to a minor degree influenced by different growth conditions with the exception of high inoculum sizes against some β-lactamase producing strains of gramnegative bacilli. In view of the reportedin vitro antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime, its prodrug cefpodoxime proxetil after oral administration is expected to be very useful for the treatment of patients with respiratory and urinary tract infections.

Zusammenfassung

Die antimikrobielle Aktivität von Cefpodoxim, dem aktiven Metaboliten des neuen Cephalosporin-Esters Cefpodoxim-Proxetil, wurde im Vergleich mit Cefixim, Cefotiam, Cefuroxim und Cefotaxim gegen ein breites Spektrum frisch isolierter grampositiver und gramnegativer Bakterienstämme untersucht. Cefpodoxim zeigte sich bei Konzentrationen ≤ 1 mg/l aktiv gegen 90% der Stämme vonMoraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli (β-laktamase-negative Stämme),Klebsiella spp.,Serratia spp.,Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia spp. undSalmonella spp. Diese antimikrobielle Aktivität von Cefpodoxim war im allgemeinen der von Cefuroxim überlegen und mit der von Cefixim vergleichbar. Cefpodoxim war in einer Konzentration von ≤ 1 mg/l aktiv gegen 50% der Isolate β-laktamase-bildenderEscherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter spp. undMorganella morganii. Cefpodoxim erwies sich als hochaktiv gegen Streptokokken der Gruppen A, B und G und gegenStreptococcus pneumoniae (MHK90-Werte < 0,015 mg/l). Die MHK-Werte von Cefpodoxim und die der anderen Cephalosporine betrugen ≤ 2 mg/l für mindestens 90% der Stämme vonStaphylococcus aureus undStaphylococcus epidermidis, mit der Ausnahme von Cefixim, das keine Aktivität gegen diese Erreger hatte (MHK-Werte > 8 mg/l).Pseudomonas spp.,Acinetobacter spp. undEnterococcus spp. waren gegen Cefpodoxim resistent. Die antibakterielle Aktivität von Cefpodoxim wurde durch verschiedene Wachstumsbedingungen nur wenig beeinflußt, eine Ausnahme bildeten hohe Inokulum-Größen bei einigen β-laktamase-bildenden Stämmen von gramnegativen Stäbchen. Angesichts der beschriebenen antimikrobiellen Aktivität von Cefpodoxim ist zu erwarten, daß sein oral anwendbares Prodrug Cefpodoxim-Proxetil bei der Behandlung von Patienten mit Atemwegs- und Harnwegsinfekten sehr nützlich sein wird.

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Knothe, H., Shah, P.M. & Eckardt, O. Cefpodoxime: Comparative antibacterial activity, influence of growth conditions, and bactericidal activity. Infection 19, 370–376 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01645371

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Keywords

  • Cefuroxime
  • Acinetobacter
  • Haemophilus Influenzae
  • Serratia
  • Cefixim