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The influence of third-generation cephalosporins on the aerobic intestinal flora

Einfluß der Cephalosporine der dritten Generation auf die aerobe Darmflora

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Summary

The influence of three third-generation cephalosporins with varying degrees of biliary excretion on the aerobic flora was investigated. The faecal flora prior to therapy with one of these substances consisted mainly of anaerobic bacilli.Escherichia coli was present in concentrations of 109 organisms/g stool.Candida albicans and enterococci were observed in concentrations of 105−106 organisms/g stool. Within 24 hours after the administration of ceftriaxone and cefoperazone, the gram-negative aerobic flora was completely eradicated.C. albicans and enterococci increased to 109 organisms/g stool. Between the third and tenth days (mean 6.7 days) of therapyPseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter andCitrobacter in this order of frequency reappeared in the faecal flora with complete resistance to all betalactam antibiotics.C. albicans and enterococci decreased to 107 organisms/g stool. The anaerobic flora was largely unaltered. In contrast, cefotaxime had only a moderate influence on the aerobic faecal flora. Concentrations of gram-negative organisms decreased to 5×107 organisms/g stool during the first five days of therapy; the concomitant increase inC. albicans and enterococci was approximately 1 log 10. No alterations in the susceptibility pattern were observed. We would like to emphasize that substantial alterations of the faecal flora and the susceptibility pattern of antibiotics may accompany the use of antimicrobial agents, particularly those with a high degree of biliary elimination.

Zusammenfassung

Drei Cephalosporine der dritten Generation mit unterschiedlich hoher Galleausscheidung wurden hinsichtlich ihres Einflusses auf die aerobe Darmflora geprüft. Vor der Therapie bestand die Stuhlflora überwiegend aus anaeroben Keimen. VonEscherichia coli fanden sich Konzentrationen von 109 Keimen/g Stuhl, vonCandida albicans und Enterokokken 105 bis 106 Keime/g Stuhl. Innerhalb 24 Stunden nach Gabe von Ceftriaxon und Cefoperazon war die gramnegative aerobe Flora vollständig eliminiert.C. albicans und Enterokokken nahmen auf 109 Keime/g Stuhl zu. Zwischen dem dritten und zehnten Behandlungstag (im Mittel nach 6,7 Tagen) erschienen in der genannten ReihenfolgePseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter undCitrobacter in der Stuhlflora; sie waren gegen alle β-Lactam-Antibiotika vollständig resistent. Es kam zu einer Verminderung vonC. albicans und Enterokokken auf 107 Keime/g Stuhl. Die anaerobe Flora blieb im wesentlichen unverändert. Cefotaxim hatte dagegen nur mäßigen Einfluß auf die aerobe Stuhlflora. Die Konzentration gramnegativer Keime verminderte sich während der ersten fünf Therapietage auf 5×107/g Stuhl.C. albicans und Enterokokken nahmen gleichzeitig um 1 log 10 zu. Das Empfindlichkeitsverhalten ließ keine Änderungen erkennen. Wir möchten hervorheben, daß sich vor allem bei Anwendung von Substanzen mit hoher biliärer Ausscheidung beträchtliche Veränderungen der Stuhlflora und des Resistenzverhaltens gegenüber Antibiotika bei der Anwendung antimikrobieller Arzneimittel abspielen können.

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Guggenbichler, J.P., Kofler, J. & Allerberger, F. The influence of third-generation cephalosporins on the aerobic intestinal flora. Infection 13 (Suppl 1), S137–S139 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01644235

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