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Natürliche oder anthropogene Populationsveränderungen von Adéliepinguinen (Pygoscelis adeliae) im Ross-Meer-Sektor der Antarktis

Natural or human influences on population changes of Adélie Penguins(Pygoscelis adeliae) in the Ross Sea sector of Antarctica

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Zusammenfassung

Der quantitative und selbst qualitative Status des Adéliepinguins (Pygoscelis adeliae), einer der charakteristischsten Vogelarten der Antarktis, kann noch nicht abschließend beurteilt werden. Die am intensivsten kontrollierten Kolonien im Ross-Meer-Sektor haben zwischen 1960/61 und 1970/71 30–40% der Brutpopulationen verloren. Eingehendere Untersuchungen auf Cape Crozier, Ross Island, zeigten, daß sich insbesondere Brutgruppen an der Peripherie einer Kolonie, ausgesetzt kontinuierlichem menschlichen Kontakt, Fangaktionen oder selbst niedrig fliegenden Flugzeugen, auflösten. Andere mögliche Gründe für einen Populationsrückgang wie schlechte Wetterverhältnisse, Nahrungsmangel, Feindtiere, Parasiten, Infektionen, Pestizide haben weder einzeln noch geschlossen im Brutgebiet und in der Brutzeit die negativen Einwirkungen des Menschen erreicht oder übertroffen. Wie Lebenserwartung oder Mortalität der Pinguine außerhalb der Brutkolonien im Packeis oder offenen Meer gesteuert werden, ist völlig unklar. Regulationsfaktoren an Land und im Meer müssen im Rahmen monitorhafter quantitativer Bestandsanalysen in Zukunft mit großer Sorgfalt untersucht werden, um negative Auswirkungen der geplanten großkommerziellen, großindustriellen Krill-(Euphausia-)Fischerei im Ökosystem Antarktis-Subantarktis rechtzeitig und vorbeugend zu erkennen.

Summary

A final conclusion on the quantitative and even qualitative status of Adélie Penguins, one of the most abundant and characteristic bird species of Antarctica, must still be sought. The most intensively studied colonies in the Ross Sea sector have lost 30–40% of their breeding population between 1960/61 and 1971/72. Studies at Cape Crozier, Ross Island, show that breeding groups primarily decreased at the periphery of the colony, with continued human contact, influence by catching actions and low passing aircrafts. The Cape Crozier decrease started in 1964, but afflicted all parts of the colony between 1967 and 1970. Other possible factors causing the decrease as bad weather conditions, food shortage, predators, parasites, infections, pollution have not reached, either separated or even combined, the amount of interference of man at this site. Factors which influence the penguins outside the breeding grounds are totally unknown. Already within the next future and in the course of quantitative population monitoring, coastal and offshore regulation parameters have to be studied to avoid and counterbalance in time possible disruption of the ecosystem Antarctica-Subantarctica by multinational big-business exploitation of the krill stocks (Euphausia).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1. Zool. Institut, D-3400, Göttingen

    Hans Oelke

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  1. Hans Oelke
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Die Untersuchungen wurden gefördert durch Beihilfen der National Science Foundation der USA, der DFG und des Landes Niedersachsen.

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Oelke, H. Natürliche oder anthropogene Populationsveränderungen von Adéliepinguinen (Pygoscelis adeliae) im Ross-Meer-Sektor der Antarktis. J Ornithol 119, 1–13 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01642969

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