Summary
The detection of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) (1) in DNA extracted from forensic samples remains impossible in a significant number of cases due to deterioration and contamination of the biological material and the extremely low quantities of DNA isolated. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a recent and particularly convenient method for analysing and typing very small amounts (10–20ng) of degraded human DNA (2, 3). DNA analysis at the level of a few cells present in forensic samples such as bloodstains, semen stains, vaginal swabs and head hair bulbs now appears possible using DNA amplification. A PCR protocol [4, 5] was adapted to simultaneously amplifiy a Y-specific DNA repeat sequence from the DYZ1 locus [6] and an X-specific DNA repeat sequence from the DXS424 locus [7]. The co-amplified Y-specific DNA fragment (102 bp) and X-specific DNA fragments (181–199 bp) were visualized on an ethidium bromide-stained 4% agarose gel. The male or female type of the amplified DNA extracted from blood samples, bloodstains, semen stains, vaginal swabs, brain tissue and 1, 2, 5, or 10 head hair bulbs was determined.
Zusammenfassung
Der Nachweis von Restriktionsfragmentlängen-Polymorphismen (RFLP's) (1) aus DNA, welche von forensischen Proben extrahiert wurden, bleibt häufig unmöglich wegen Verschlechterung, Kontamination des biologischen Materials and extrem geringer Mengen, welche isoliert werden können. Die Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR) ist eine neue und ganz besonders geeignete Methode, um sehr kleine Mengen (10–20 ng) degradierter DNA zu analysieren und zu typisieren (2, 3). DNA-Analysen auf der Ebene weniger Zellen in forensischen Proben wie Blutspuren, Samenspuren, Scheidenabstrichen und Haarwurzeln erscheint nunmehr möglich mit Hilfe der DNA-Amplifikation. Ein PCR-Protokoll (4, 5) wurde adaptiert, um gleichzeitig eine Y-spezifische DNA-Sequenz vom DYZ1-Locus (6) und eine X-spezifische DNA-Sequenz vom DXS424-Locus (7) zu amplifizieren. Das co-amplifizierte y-spezifische DNA-Fragment (102 Bp) und das X-spezifische DNA-Fragment (181-199 Bp) wurden mit einem Ethidiumbromid gefärbten 4% igen Agarosegel sichtbar gemacht. Der männliche oder weibliche Typ der amplifizierten DNA, welche von Blutproben, Blutspuren, Spermaspuren, Vaginalabstrichen, Hirngewebe und 1, 2, 5 oder 10 Haarwurzeln extrahiert worden war, wurde bestimmt.
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Pfitzinger, H., Ludes, B. & Mangin, P. Sex determination of forensic samples: co-amplification and simultaneous detection of a Y-specific and an X-specific DNA sequence. Int J Leg Med 105, 213–216 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01642796
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01642796