Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Changes in cytochrome levels during growth of the yeast-like fungusAureobasidium pullulans

  • Published:
Current Microbiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cytochromes ofAureobasidium pullulans have been identified and partially characterized using low-temperature and carbon-monoxide-difference spectroscopy. The presence ofa-,b-, andc-type cytochromes is demonstrated, as are other unidentified redox components. During exponential growth in batch culture, cytochrome levels showed complex changes. Changes in respiration rates and in the levels of cytochromea+a 3 closely paralleled cellular growth: both increased exponentially until stationary phase, when no further increase occurred. Theb- andc-type cytochromes showed biphasic increases, initially doubling every, generation time and then increasing more slowly during the stationary phase. Sensitivity of respiration to 100μM potassium cyanide gradually decreased during exponential growth, falling from virtually 100% inhibition after about 20 h growth to 30% inhibition in the stationary phase. The results suggest that in stationary-phase cultures, an alternative cyanide-insensitive but salicylhydroxamic-acid-sensitive terminal oxidase also operates.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature Cited

  1. Brown, R. G., Hanic, L. A., Hsiao, M. 1973. Structure and chemical composition of yeast chlamydospores ofAureobasidium pullulans. Canadian Journal of Microbiology19:163–168.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Catley, B. J. 1973. The rate of elaboration of the extracellular polysaccharide pullulan, during growth ofPullularia pullulans. Journal of General Microbiology78:33–38.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Catley, B. J. 1979. Pullulan synthesis byAureobasidium pullulans, pp. 69–84. In: Berkeley, R. C. W., Gooday G. W., Ellwood, D. C. (eds.), Microbial polysaccharides and polysaccharases. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chance, B. 1953. The carbon monoxide components of the cytochrome oxidases. I. Difference spectra. Journal of Biological Chemistry202:383–396.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Chance, B. 1972. The nature of electron transfer and energy coupling reactions. FEBS Letters23:3–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Chance, B., Williams, G. R. 1956. The respiration chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Advances in Enzymology17:65–134.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Degn, H., Lloyd, D., Hill, G. C. (eds.) 1978. Functions of alternative terminal oxidases. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dominguez, J. B., Goñi, F. M., Uruburu, F. 1978. The transition from yeast-like to chlamydospore cells inPullularia pullulans. Journal of General Microbiology108:111–117.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Edwards, C., Lloyd, D. 1973. Terminal oxidases and carbon monoxide-reacting haemoproteins in the trypanosomatid,Crithidia fasciculata. Journal of General Microbiology79:275–284.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Edwards, S. W., Lloyd, D. 1980. Carbon monoxide-reacting haemoproteins in the mitochondrial fraction ofAcanthamoeba castellani. Biochemical Journal186:669–678.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Gadd, G. M. 1980. Melanin production and differentiation in batch cultures of the polymorphic fungusAureobasidium pullulans. FEMS Microbiology Letters9:237–240.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gadd, G. M., Griffiths, A. J. 1978. Copper tolerance ofAureobasidium pullulans. Microbios Letters6:117–124.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Gadd, G. M., Griffiths, A. J. 1980. Effect of copper on morphology ofAureobasidium pullulans. Transactions of the British Mycological Society74:387–382.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gadd, G. M., Griffiths, A. J. 1980. Influence of pH on toxicity and uptake of copper inAureobasidium pullulans. Transactions of the British Mycological Society75:91–96.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hall, M. J., Kolankaya, H. 1974. The physiology of mouldyeast dimorphism in the genusMycotypha (Mucorales). Journal of General Microbiology82:25–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Kelly, P. J., Catley, B. J. 1977. The effect of ethidium bromide mutagenesis on dimorphism, extracellular metabolism and cytochrome levels inAureobasidium pullulans. Journal of General Microbiology102:249–254.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kronick, P., Hill, G. C. 1974. Evidence for the functioning of cytochromeo in Kinetoplastida.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 368:178–180.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Lemburg, R., Barrett, J. 1973. Cytochromes. London, New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Lindenmayer, A., Smith, L. 1964. Cytochromes and other pigments of baker's yeast grown aerobically and anaerobically. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta93:454–461.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Lingappa, Y., Sussman, A. S., Bernstein, I. A. 1963. Effect of light and media upon growth and melanin formation inAureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arn. (=Pullularia pullulans). Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata20:109–128.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lloyd, D. 1974. The Mitochondria of microorganisms. London, New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Lloyd, D., Brookman, J. S. G. 1967. An oxygen electrode reaction vessel. Biotechnology and Bioengineering9:271–272.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Lloyd, D., Edwards, S. W. 1978. Electron transport pathways alternative to the main phosphorylating respiratory chain, pp. 1–10, In: Degn H., Lloyd D., Hill G. C. (eds.), Functions of alternative terminal oxidases. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Onishi, T., Kröger, A., Heldt, H. W., Pfaff, E., Klingenberg, M. 1967. The response of the respiratory chain and adenine nucleotide system to oxidative phosphorylation in yeast mitochondria. European Journal of Biochemistry1:301–311.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Ramos, S., Garcia Acha, I. 1975. A vegetative cycle ofPullularia pullulans. Transactions of the British Mycological Society64:129–135.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Schonbaum, G. R., Bonner, W. D., Jr., Storey, B. T., Bahr, J. T. 1971. Specific inhibition of the cyanide-insensitive respiratory pathway in plant mitochondria by hydroxamic acids. Plant Physiology47:124–128.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Schulz, B. E., Kraepelin, G., Hinkelmann, W. 1974. Factors affecting dimorphism inMycotypha (Mucorales): A correlation with the fermentation/respiration equilibrium. Journal of General Microbiology82:1–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Watson, K. 1976. The biochemistry and biogenesis of mitochondria, pp. 92–120. In: Smith, J. E., Berry, D. R. (eds.), The filamentous fungi, vol. 2. London: Arnold.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Dundee, Scotland

    Geoffrey M. Gadd

  2. Department of Microbiology, University College, Newport Road, CF2 1TA, Cardiff, Scotland

    Steven W. Edwards

Authors
  1. Geoffrey M. Gadd
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Steven W. Edwards
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gadd, G.M., Edwards, S.W. Changes in cytochrome levels during growth of the yeast-like fungusAureobasidium pullulans . Current Microbiology 6, 161–166 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01642391

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01642391

Keywords

Search

Navigation