Skip to main content
Log in

Gesangsstruktur und Formen der Flügelbewegung beim Star (Sturnus vulgaris)

Song structure and patterns of wing movement in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris)

  • Published:
Journal für Ornithologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

An sechs Staren-♂ im Freiland wurden der Gesangsaufbau und den Gesang begleitende Bewegungsmuster der Flügel untersucht. Der Gesang besteht aus einer statistisch vorhersagbaren Abfolge (A-B-C-D) von strukturell unterschiedlichen Motivklassen (A: tiefe Pfiffe, B: Komplexmotive, C: Klickmotive, D: hohe Pfiffe und Triller); nicht immer sind jedoch alle vier Motivklassen in einer Gesangsstrophe vertreten. Parallel zum Gesang treten oft zwei unterschiedliche Formen von Flügelbewegungen auf: Zucken und Rudern. Flügelzucken ist signifikant an die Klickmotive, Flügelrudern an die hohen Endpfiffe gebunden. Durch die relativ starre Abfolge der strukturell verschiedenen Motivklassen und durch die Koppelung von Flügelzucken und -rudern an die Motivklassen C bzw. D wird die zweite Strophenhälfte, vor allem der Endabschnitt, sowohl auf der akustischen wie auch auf der optischen Ebene besonders betont. Das gemeinsame Auftreten des Ruderns mit der Motivklasse D läßt vermuten, daß dieser Endabschnitt der Gesangsstrophe eine besondere funktionelle Bedeutung hat.

Summary

Song structure and accompanying wing movements were studied in six starling ♂ in the field. The song consists of a predictable sequence (A-B-C-D) of structurally different motif classes (A: low whistles, B: complex motifs, C: click motifs, D: high whistles and trills). Not all motif classes, however, necessarily occur in one and the same song bout (strophe). Singing is often accompanied by two patterns of wing movement: flicking and waving. Significantly often click motifs and wing flicking occur simultaneously, as do high terminal whistles and wing waving. Due to the rather fixed sequence of the structurally different motif classes within a strophe and the coupling of wing flicking and wing waving with motif classes C and D, respectively, the second part of the song — especially the terminal part — is very conspicious on the level of both acoustic and visual displays. The simultaneous occurrence of waving and motif class D points to the possibility that this terminal part of the strophe is of specific functional significance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literatur

  • Adret-Hausberger, M., &P. F. Jenkins (1988): Complex organization of the warbling song in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Behaviour 107: 138–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann, H.-H., &H.-W. Helb (1982): Stimmen der Vögel Europas. München.

  • Catchpole, C. K. (1982): The evolution of bird sounds in relation to mating and spacing behaviour. In:D. E. Kroodsma &E. H. Miller, Acoustic Communication in Birds, Vol. 1: 297–319. N. Y., London.

  • Chaiken, M., J. Böhner &P. Marler (im Druck): Song acquisition in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris): A comparison of the songs of live-tutored, tape-tutored, untutored, and wild-caught males. Anim. Behav.

  • Collias, N. E., &E. C. Collias (1984): Nest Building and Bird Behavior. Princeton.

  • Crook, J. H. (1963): Comparative studies on the reproductive behaviour of two closely related weaver bird species (Ploceus cucullatus andPloceus nigerrimus) and their races. Behaviour 21: 177–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuthill, I., &A. M. Hindmarsh (1985): Increase in starling song activity with removal of mate. Anim. Behav. 33: 326–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eens, M., R. Pinxten &R. F. Verheyen (1989): Temporal and sequential organization of song bouts in the starling. Ardea 77: 75–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dies. (1990): On the function of singing and wingwaving in the European starlingSturnus vulgaris. Bird Study 37: 48–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dies. (1991a): Male song as a cue for mate choice in the European starling. Behaviour 116: 210–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dies. (1991 b): Organization of song in the European starling: Species-specificity and individual differences. Belg. J. Zool. 121: 257–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feare, C. (1984): The Starling. Oxford.

  • Mountjoy, D. J., &R. E. Lemon (1991): Song as an attractant for male and female European starlings, and the influence of song complexity on their response. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 28: 97–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • OAG Berlin-West (1990): Die Vögel in Berlin (West). Orn. Ber. f. Berlin (West) 15, Sonderh.

  • Schneider, W. (1960): Der Star. N. Brehm-Büch. 248. Wittenberg.

  • Todt, D., &A. Fiebelkorn (1979): Display, timing and function of wing movements accompanying antiphonal duets ofCichladusa guttata. Behaviour 72: 82–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Todt, D., H. Hultsch &F. P. Duvall (1981): Behavioural significance and social function of vocal and non-vocal displays in the monogamous duet-singerCossypha heuglini. Zool. Beitr. 27: 51–76.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Böhner, J., Veit, F. Gesangsstruktur und Formen der Flügelbewegung beim Star (Sturnus vulgaris). J Ornithol 134, 309–315 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01640426

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01640426

Navigation