Summary
We studied the wintering of European Starlings by means of ringing recoveries since 1960 and the distribution of roosting sites in the last fifty years. An overall decrease was found in the number of roosts as well as in wintering birds. However, this is due to a a considerable decrease in the south and east, whereas in the north and northeast the number of wintering birds seems to be stable ore even lightly increasing. This geographical difference can be correlated with the decline of breeding populations in North and Central Europa and/ore with the growing populations in France and Belgium respectively. In the last decade, the number of urban roosts in Spain increased.
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Peris, S., Motis, A., Martinez-Vilalta, A. et al. Winterquartiere und Winterbestand des Stars (Sturnus vulgaris) in Spanien während der letzten 30 Jahre. J Ornithol 132, 445–449 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01640385
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01640385