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Vogelblut — eine allometrische Übersicht der Bestandteile

Blood of birds — an allometric review of its components

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Abstract

In this review the allometric relations of different blood parameters to body mass in birds are given. The following parameters are treated: physical and chemical properties, leucocytes (number, differential blood count, Arneth counts, ontogeny), erythrocytes (number, length, width, volume, hemoglobin content, ontogeny, different forms during embryogeny, maturation), blood glucose, hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, plasma protein concentration, thrombocytes (number, ontogeny) and blood groups. The influence of different endogenous (sex, hormones, age, laying cycle, breeding, etc.) and exogenous factors (temperature, activity, diurnal cycle, geographical altitude, climate, etc.) is discussed. The taxonomic differentiation in different systematic orders within the birds is presented. Compared to mammalia only very few differences characterize bird blood: The oval erythrocytes are nucleated, blood glucose level is twice as high, plasma protein content is considerably lower and the (nucleated) thrombocytes are as big as the other leucocytes.

Zusammenfassung

Die Übersicht behandelt die allometrische Abhängigkeit verschiedener Blutparameter bei Vögeln von der Körpermasse. Folgende Bestandteile und Eigenschaften werden dargestellt: generelle physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften des Blutes, Leukozyten (Zahl, Differentialblutbild, Arneth-Zählung, Ontogenie), Erythrozyten (Zahl, Länge, Breite, Volumen, Hämoglobin-Inhalt, Ontogenie, verschiedene Formen während der Embryogenie, Reifung u. a.), Blutglukose, Hämatokrit, Hämoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Plasma-Protein-Konzentration, Thrombozyten (Zahl, Ontogenie) und Blutgruppen. Der Einfluß von verschiedenen endogenen (Geschlecht, Hormone, Alter, Größe, Fortbewegungsform, Legeperiode, Brut, Mauser usw.) und exogenen Faktoren (Temperatur, Aktivität, Tagesperiodik, Höhenlage, Klima usw.) wird diskutiert. Die mögliche Veränderung der Blutbestandteile in ihrem Gehalt bzw. in ihrer Zusammensetzung in verschiedenen systematischen Ordnungen innerhalb der Klasse Aves wird dargelegt. Verglichen mit den Säugern (Mammalia) sind es nur sehr wenige Unterschiede, die das Blut der Vögel charakterisieren: Die ovalen Erythrozyten haben alle einen Zellkern, der Blutglukose-Spiegel ist knapp zweimal so hoch, der Plasmaprotein-Gehalt beträchtlich geringer und die kernhaltigen Thrombozyten sind so groß wie die anderen Leukozyten.

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  1. AK Stoffwechselphysiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Frankfurt, Siesmayerstr. 70, D-60323, Frankfurt am Main

    Roland Prinzinger & Andrea Misovic

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  1. Roland Prinzinger
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Prinzinger, R., Misovic, A. Vogelblut — eine allometrische Übersicht der Bestandteile. J Ornithol 135, 133–165 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01640285

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