Summary
The antibacterial activity of moxalactam was studied in vitro against 229 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic microorganisms using the agar dilution technique. Mueller-Hinton agar was used as growth medium. The results were compared to those obtained with cefamandole. All isolates ofStaphylococcus aureus andStreptococcus pneumoniae were inhibited by moxalactam at a concentration of 8 µg/ml or less. The concentrations of cefamandole with which the same effect was obtained were 0.5 µg/ml and 2 µg/ml respectively. Moxalactam was highly inhibitory againstEscherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis andProteus morganii — 90% of the strains were inhibited by 0.125 µg/ml. Moxalactam was highly superior againstProteus rettgeri andPseudomonas aeruginosa, which are usually resistant to cefamandole: the MIC100 and MIC90 were 0.25 µg/ml and 8 µg/ml respectively. High sensitivity was found in strains ofSalmonella species, nine of which wereSalmonella typhi: the MIC90 was <0.063 µg/ml versus the eightfold higher concentration of cefamandole. The broad-spectrum activity and unusual MIC patterns of moxalactam — eight or manyfold higher concentrations of cefamandole were needed to inhibit 90% of most gram-negative strains studied — make moxalactam an unusual and promising antibiotic.
Zusammenfassung
Die antibakterielle Aktivität von Moxalactam wurde in vitro gegen 229 klinische Isolate von grampositiven und gramnegativen aeroben Mikroorganismen mit dem Agar Dilutionstest untersucht. Als Nährboden wurde Mueller-Hinton Agar verwendet. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit denjenigen von Cefamandol verglichen. Alle Isolate vonStaphylococcus aureus undStreptococcus pneumoniae wurden von Moxalactam in einer Konzentration von 8 mcg/ml und darunter gehemmt. Die für denselben Effekt notwendigen Konzentrationen von Cefamandol betrugen 0,5 mcg/ml bzw. 2 mcg/ml. Moxalactam wies eine hohe inhibitorische Aktivität gegenüberEscherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis undProteus morganii auf — 90% der Stämme wurden bei 0,125 mcg/ml gehemmt. FürProteus rettgeri undPseudomonas aeruginosa, die für gewöhnlich gegenüber Cefamandol resistent sind, erwies sich Moxalactam als hochgradig überlegen. Die MHK100 und MHK90 betrugen 0,25 mcg/ml bzw. 8 mcg/ml. Eine hohe Empfindlichkeit wurde beiSalmonella-Spezies gefunden, darunter waren neunSalmonella typhi: Die MHK90 lag unter 0,063 mcg/ml — die von Cefamandol waren hingegen achtmal so hoch. Die breite antibakterielle Wirksamkeit und das ungewöhnliche MHK-Muster von Moxalactam — um 90% der meisten untersuchten gramnegativen Stämme zu hemmen, werden von Cefamandol achtfach oder vielfach höhere Konzentrationen benötigt — machen Moxalactam zu einem außergewöhnlichen und vielversprechenden Antibiotikum.
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Skalova, R., Hajsig, D., Muic, V. et al. In vitro antibacterial activity of moxalactam, a new broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic. Infection 8 (Suppl 3), S330–S333 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01639606
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01639606