Zusammenfassung
Die Wirkung der Kombinationen von Chloramphenicol mit β-Lactam-Antibiotika, wie Penicillin, Ampicillin, Cefotiam und Cefotaxim, auf je 20 Stämme vonHaemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis wurde untersucht. Unter Verwendung der Checkerboard-Titration wurde kein Antagonismus beobachtet. Die Wechselwirkung war in den meisten Fällen indifferent. Dabei wurde die Bewertung gemäß dem FIC-Index diskutiert: Erst Werte über 2,0 wurden als Ausdruck eines Antagonismus angesehen. Die minimalen bakteriziden Konzentrationen von Chloramphenicol waren mit der minimalen Hemmkonzentration (MHK) identisch — die Substanz wirkt also bei den geprüften Spezies bakterizid. Weitere Untersuchungen über die Absterbekinetik haben gezeigt, daß Chloramphenicol in niedrigeren Konzentrationen eine Verzögerung der Bakterizidie des Kombinationspartners in den ersten Stunden bewirken kann. In höheren Konzentrationen (mehr als zweifache MHK) ist die Kinetik der Abtötung etwa mit der der Einzelsubstanzen identisch. Es ist unwahrscheinlich, daß die geringfügige Verzögerung der Abtötung eine klinische Bedeutung hat. Die Wirkung der Kombination ist annähernd so gut wie die des Chloramphenicol allein.
Summary
The effect was studied of combinations of chloramphenicol with β-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, ampicillin, cefotiam and cefotaxime, on 20 strains each ofHaemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae andNeisseria meningitidis. No antagonism was observed using the checkerboard titration method. In most cases no interaction could be established. An evaluation by the fractional inhibitory concentration index was discussed: only values above 2 were interpreted as antagonism. The minimal bactericidal concentrations of chloramphenicol were identical with the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) — i. e. the antibiotic acted bactericidally on the species tested. Further investigations on the killing kinetics have shown that chloramphenicol in low concentrations can cause a delay in the bactericidal action of the antibiotic with which it is combined in the first few hours. At higher concentrations (more than double the MIC) the killing kinetics approximate those of the individual antibiotics. It is improbable that the minor delays in killing are of clinical significance. The combination is almost as effective as chloramphenicol.
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Braveny, I., Heindl, W. & Machka, K. Kann Chloramphenicol mit Beta-Lactam-Antibiotika kombiniert werden?. Infection 8 (Suppl 3), S234–S238 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01639587
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01639587