Skip to main content
Log in

Kann Chloramphenicol mit Beta-Lactam-Antibiotika kombiniert werden?

Can chloramphenicol be combined with beta-lactam antibiotics?

  • Published:
Infection Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Die Wirkung der Kombinationen von Chloramphenicol mit β-Lactam-Antibiotika, wie Penicillin, Ampicillin, Cefotiam und Cefotaxim, auf je 20 Stämme vonHaemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis wurde untersucht. Unter Verwendung der Checkerboard-Titration wurde kein Antagonismus beobachtet. Die Wechselwirkung war in den meisten Fällen indifferent. Dabei wurde die Bewertung gemäß dem FIC-Index diskutiert: Erst Werte über 2,0 wurden als Ausdruck eines Antagonismus angesehen. Die minimalen bakteriziden Konzentrationen von Chloramphenicol waren mit der minimalen Hemmkonzentration (MHK) identisch — die Substanz wirkt also bei den geprüften Spezies bakterizid. Weitere Untersuchungen über die Absterbekinetik haben gezeigt, daß Chloramphenicol in niedrigeren Konzentrationen eine Verzögerung der Bakterizidie des Kombinationspartners in den ersten Stunden bewirken kann. In höheren Konzentrationen (mehr als zweifache MHK) ist die Kinetik der Abtötung etwa mit der der Einzelsubstanzen identisch. Es ist unwahrscheinlich, daß die geringfügige Verzögerung der Abtötung eine klinische Bedeutung hat. Die Wirkung der Kombination ist annähernd so gut wie die des Chloramphenicol allein.

Summary

The effect was studied of combinations of chloramphenicol with β-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, ampicillin, cefotiam and cefotaxime, on 20 strains each ofHaemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae andNeisseria meningitidis. No antagonism was observed using the checkerboard titration method. In most cases no interaction could be established. An evaluation by the fractional inhibitory concentration index was discussed: only values above 2 were interpreted as antagonism. The minimal bactericidal concentrations of chloramphenicol were identical with the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) — i. e. the antibiotic acted bactericidally on the species tested. Further investigations on the killing kinetics have shown that chloramphenicol in low concentrations can cause a delay in the bactericidal action of the antibiotic with which it is combined in the first few hours. At higher concentrations (more than double the MIC) the killing kinetics approximate those of the individual antibiotics. It is improbable that the minor delays in killing are of clinical significance. The combination is almost as effective as chloramphenicol.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literatur

  1. Jawetz, E., Gunnison, J. B., Speck, R. S., Coleman, V. R. Studies on antibiotic synergism and antagonism. The interference of chloramphenicol with the action of penicillin. Arch. Intern. Med. 87 (1951) 349–359.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Jawetz, E., Gunnison, J. B., Speck, R. S., Coleman, V. R. Combined antibiotic therapy in serious infections caused by drug-resistant staphylococci. Arch. Intern. Med. 103 (1959) 289–307.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Michel, J., Bornstein, H., Luboshitzky, R., Sacks, T. Mechanism of chloramphenicol-cephaloridine synergism onEnterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 7 (1975) 845–849.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Daschner, F. D. Combination of bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs: Lack of significant in vitro antagonism between penicillin, cephalothin, and rolitetracycline. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 10 (1976) 802–808.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Russel, F. E. Synergism between sulfonamide drugs and antibiotics of the polymyxin group againstProteus species in vitro. J. Clin. Pathol. 16 (1962) 362–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Committee on Infectious Diseases Ampicillin-resistant strains ofHaemophilus influenzae type b. Pediatrics 55 (1974) 145–147.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Braveny, I. In-vitro-Aktivität von Cefaclor gegenHaemophilus influenzae im Vergleich zu verschiedenen oralen Chemotherapeutika. Infection 7 Suppl. 6 (1979) 532–535.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Cole, F. S., Daum, R. S., Teller, L., Goldmann, D. A., Smith, A. L. Effect of ampicillin and chloramphenicol alone and in combination on ampicillin-susceptible and -resistantHaemophilus influenzae type b. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 15 (1979) 415–419.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Feldman, W. E. Effect of ampicillin and chloramphenicol againstHaemophilus influenzae. Pediatrics 61 (1978) 406–409.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Mackenzie, A. M. R. Combined action of chloramphenicol and ampicillin onHaemophilus influenzae. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 5 (1979) 693–698.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Luboshitzky, R., Sacks, T., Michel, J. Bactericidal effects of combinations of antibiotics onKlebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia. Chemotherapy 19 (1973) 354–366.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Elion, G. B., Singer, S., Hitchings, G. H. Antagonists of nucleic acid derivatives. VII. Synergism in combinations of biochemically related antimetabolites. J. Biol. Chem. 208 (1954) 477–488.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Feldman, W. E., Zweighaft, T. Effect of ampicillin and chloramphenicol againstStreptococcus pneumoniae andNeisseria meningitidis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 15 (1979) 240–242.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Paisley, J. W., Washington II, J. A. Susceptibility ofEscherichia coli to four combinations of antimicrobial agents potentially useful for treatment of neonatal meningitis. J. Infect. Dis. 140 (1979) 183–191.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Jawetz, E., Gunnison, J. B. Experimental basis of combined antibiotic action. J. A. M. A. 150 (1952) 693–695.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lepper, M. H., Dowling, H. F. Treatment of pneumococcic meningitis with penicillin compared with penicillin plus aureomycin. Arch. Intern. Med. 88 (1951) 489–494.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mathies, A. W., Leedom, J. M., Ivler, D., Wehrle, P. F., Portnoy, B. Antibiotic antagonism in bacterial meningitis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 7 (1967) 218–224.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Finland, M., Pryles, C. V., Jones, W. F. Antibiotic combinations. Antibacterial actions of plasma of human subjects after ingestion of penicillin V or chloramphenicol or both. N. Engl. J. Med. 258 (1958) 817–824.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Haggerty, R. J., Ziai, M. Acute bacterial meningitis in children. A controlled study of antimicrobial therapy with particular reference to combinations of antibiotics. Pediatrics 25 (1960) 742–747.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Braveny, I., Heindl, W. & Machka, K. Kann Chloramphenicol mit Beta-Lactam-Antibiotika kombiniert werden?. Infection 8 (Suppl 3), S234–S238 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01639587

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01639587

Navigation