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The capsular ligaments of the wrist: morphology, morphometry and clinical applications

Les ligaments capsulaires du poignet : morphologie, morphométrie et applications cliniques

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Summary

Variable wrist ligament descriptions and nomenclatures have been presented, but the dimensions of these ligaments have not yet been extensively investigated. To verify the numerous concepts advanced and to provide a better understanding of individual variations in carpal biomechanics, and the numerous pathomechanical concepts reported in the literature, this study aimed to determine capsular carpal ligament anatomy, their dimensions and variations. The origin, insertion, and number of fascicles of the capsular wrist ligaments were observed in precise dissection of 66 anatomic preparations. The dimensions of several capsular wrist ligaments were measured using a calliper : the parameters analysed being length and width at three levels each, from which mean length and width and approximate mean surface (product of mean length by mean width) were determined. The anatomy of the capsular ligaments of the wrist showed, besides relatively constant structures, considerable individual variations, particularly of the ulnocarpal and dorsal ligaments. The standard deviations of ligament lengths and widths were mostly less than 20% of the average value. Some measurements, however, showed larger variations, such as those associated with the dorsal scaphotriquetral and ulnocarpal ligaments. Ligament widths generally showed larger variations and less interdependency than did ligament lengths. The capsular wrist ligaments display morphologic and morphometric variations, which could explain the biomechanical variations reported in the literature, and the diversity of classifications and treatment methods proposed for carpal instability. Further studies, however, are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

Résumé

Des descriptions et nomenclatures variables des ligaments du poignet ont été présentées. Les dimensions de ces ligaments n'ont pas encore été étudiées en détail. Afin de vérifier les multiples concepts avancés et de fournir une meilleure compréhension des variations individuelles de la biomécanique carpienne, et des nombreux concepts pathomécaniques trouvés dans la littérature, cette étude a tenté de rapporter l'anatomie, les dimensions et variations des ligaments capsulaires carpiens. La dissection précise de 66 préparations anatomiques a permis l'observation de l'origine, de l'insertion, et du nombre de faisceaux des ligaments capsulaires du poignet. Les dimensions de plusieurs ligaments capsulaires du poignet ont été mesurées à l'aide d'un pied-à-coulisse. Les paramètres analysés étaient la longueur et la largeur à trois niveaux chacune, la longueur et la largeur moyenne et la surface moyenne approximative (produit de la longueur moyenne par la largeur moyenne). L'anatomie des ligaments capsulaires du poignet présentait, outre des structures relativement constantes, des variations individuelles considérables, particulièrement des ligaments ulno-carpiens et dorsaux. Les écarts-type des longueurs et largeurs ligamentaires étaient le plus souvent inférieurs à 20 % de la valeur moyenne. Certaines mesures, cependant, présentaient des variations plus importantes, tel que les ligaments scapho-triquetral dorsal et ulno-carpiens. Les largeurs présentaient en général des variations plus grandes et une moindre interdépendance que les longueurs. Les ligaments capsulaires du poignet présentent des variations morphologiques et morphométriques, qui pourraient expliquer les variations biomécaniques rapportées dans la littérature, et la diversité des classifications et méthodes de traitement proposées pour l'instabilité carpienne, bien que des études complémentaires soient nécessaires pour confirmer cette hypothèse.

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Feipel, V., Rooze, M. The capsular ligaments of the wrist: morphology, morphometry and clinical applications. Surg Radiol Anat 21, 175–180 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01630897

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