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The arterial supply of the ankle joint and its importance for the operative fracture treatment

La vascularisation artérielle de l'articulation talo-crurale et son importance pour le traitement chirurgical des fractures

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Summary

The operative exposure of a fracture causes disturbances in the blood supply, which may lead to a prolonged healing process or even to bone necrosis, especially when using the complex and complicated methods of osteosynthesis at the ankle. In order to damage the supplying vessels as little as possible, position, direction and penetration of the bone arteries of the talocrural joint were examined by corrosion preparation. The tibial nutrient artery arises from the posterior tibial artery or from the popliteal artery and penetrates constantly from posterior at the level of the proximal third. The fibular nutrient artery, coming from the peroneal artery, penetrates more distaly from medial into the middle third of the diaphysis. In one specimen it did not exist at all. Distal tibia and fibula are supplied by the perimalleolar arterial ring, which is connected with the three arteries of the leg. The talus is supplied by numerous very small vessels, which are provided with extraosseous anastomoses and penetrate the whole non-articular surface. Implications for the operation will be explained.

Résumé

L'abord chirurgical d'une fracture crée des perturbations vasculaires qui peuvent provoquer un allongement du temps de consolidation ou une nécrose osseuse, en particulier avec les méthodes complexes et compliquées d'ostéosynthèses utilisées à la cheville. Pour limiter autant que faire se peut les lésions des vaisseaux nourriciers, la position, la direction et le point de pénétration des artères osseuses destinées à l'articulation talo-crurale ont été étudiés sur des injections-corrosions. L'artère nourricière du tibia naît de l'a. tibiale postérieure ou de l'a. poplitée et pénètre toujours la face postérieure du tiers proximal du tibia. L'artère nourricière de la fibula naît de l'a. fibulaire et pénètre la face médiale du tiers moyen de la diaphyse, un peu plus distalement; sur un spécimen, elle manquait complètement. Les parties distales du tibia et de la fibula sont vascularisées par le cercle artériel péri-malléolaire, qui est anastomosé avec les trois artères de la jambe. Le talus est vascularisé par de nombreux petits vaisseaux, reliés entre eux par des anastomoses extra-osseuses, qui pénètrent par toutes les surfaces non articulaires. Les implications pour le traitement opératoire des fractures sont exposées.

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Giebel, G.D., Meyer, C., Koebke, J. et al. The arterial supply of the ankle joint and its importance for the operative fracture treatment. Surg Radiol Anat 19, 231–235 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01627863

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01627863

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