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Surgical anatomy and dissection of the petrous and peripetrous area anatomic basis of the lateral approaches to the skull base

Anatomie chirurgicale et dissection de la région pétreuse et péri-pétreuse: bases anatomiques des abords latéraux de la base du crâne

  • Anatomic Bases Of Medical, Radiological And Surgical Techniques
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Summary

The purpose of this study is to review the topographic anatomy of the petrous and peripetrous structures, with emphasis on the relationships important to the lateral approaches to the posterior and lateral skull base. Surgical exposure of the clivus, the posterior aspect of the petrous bone, the ventral aspect of the brain stem, and of all the intradural structures in the area, remains difficult because of the presence of the so-called “petrous and peripetrous complex”. However, the lateral approach to the skull base is the most suitable approach if the lesion lies lateral to the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery, and of course if the lesion develops laterally behind the petrous apex. Consequently, neurosurgeons should be familiar with the anatomy of the intrapetrous cavities and their contents, and with the relationships in the area. Middle cranial fossa dissections (dry and fresh specimens) allow us to study the anatomical relationships between the intrapetrous carotid artery, the facial nerve, the porus, the cochlea, the geniculate ganglion and the petrosal nerves, the trigeminal ganglion and nerve, the auditory tube and the middle ear. While briefly reviewing some approaches (anterior petrosectomy, sub-temporal preauricular infratemporal fossa approach, pre-sigmoid approach), we explore the concept of the approach and the limitations of surgical technique and exposure.

Résumé

L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier l'anatomie topographique des structures pétreuses et péripétreuses, en insistant sur les rapports anatomiques fondamentaux utiles à la réalisation des abords latéraux de la base du crâne. L'accès chirurgical au clivus, à la face postérieure du rocher, à la face ventrale du tronc cérébral, et à l'ensemble des structures intradurales de la région, reste difficile en raison de la présence du “complexe anatomique pétreux et péri-pétreux”. Les voies latérales de la base du crâne sont cependant les plus appropriées si une lésion du clivus s'étend latéralement au delà du segment caverneux de l'a, carotide interne, et à fortiori si elle dépasse en arrière l'apex pétreux. En conséquence, le chirurgien doit connaitre parfaitement l'anatomie des cavités intrapétreuses et de leur contenu, ainsi que leurs rapports. Les dissections de la fosse cérébrale moyenne (os sec et pièces anatomiques fraiches) nous permettent d'étudier les rapports anatomiques du segment pétreux de l'a. carotide interne, du n. facial, du pore acoustique interne, de la cochlée, du ganglion géniculé et des nn. pétreux, du ganglion trigéminal et du n. trijumeau, de la trompe auditive et du cavum tympanique. En reprenant les principaux abords de la région (pétrectomie antérieure, voie soustemporale pré-auriculaire, voie rétrolabyrinthique pré-sigmoïdienne), nous essayons de comprendre le concept de la voie d'abord et les limites de la technique et des possibilités d'exposition.

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Fournier, HD., Mercier, P., Velut, S. et al. Surgical anatomy and dissection of the petrous and peripetrous area anatomic basis of the lateral approaches to the skull base. Surg Radiol Anat 16, 143–148 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01627587

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01627587

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