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Proteinuria screening using sulfosalicylic acid: Advantages of the method for the monitoring of prenatal consultations in West Africa

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Sozial- und Präventivmedizin

Summary

Screening for proteinuria is widely recommended in the monitoring of pregnancy in order to detect preeclampsia. The method often used in primary health care centers (urine heated with acetic acid) has often attained results of over 50% positive cases. This result indicates a considerable lack of specificity outside highly endemic, for urinary schistosomiasis areas. The sulfosalicylic acid test (SSA) represents a simple, reliable and inexpensive alternative. In order to validade this procedure in the conditions of a primary mother and child health (MCH) center, results of the SSA method were compared with standard commercial strip tests a. in a well equipped Swiss laboratory, b. in a school setting in Northern Cameroom. The proportion of agreement between the two methods was 82% (Cl66–88) and 90% (Cl83–96) respectively. The relatively easy implementation of the SSA test in a MCH center in an urban area in Southern Mali lead to results more compatible with what was expected epidemiologically (less than 5% from positive to highly positive results). This experiment confirms that the SSA technique is a simple method, easy to demonstrate and implement, as well as inexpensive. Consequences for monitoring of pregnancies in such conditions are finally discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Während der Schwangerschaft wird ein Screening bezüglich Proteinurie allgemein empfohlen. Die Sulfosalyzilsäurenmethodik (SSA) ist diesbezüglich eine einfache und zuverlässige Methode. In afrikanischen Verhältnissen wird vor allem die Essigsäurenmethodik angewahdt. Sie ist jedoch nicht zuverlässig; so waren in einem Gesundheitszentrum in Mali 66% der Resultate positiv. Um die mit SSA erhobenen Resultate zu validieren, wurden sie nicht nur in einer Schule in Kamerun, sondern auch in einem Labor in der Schweiz bestimmt. Die Übereinstimmung der Analyse war hoch. Die Einführung des Harneiweiss-Screenings mittels SSA in einem Gesundheitszentrum in einer Stadt in Mali hat sich seither ebenfalls bewährt.

Résumé

Le dépistage de la protéinurie est une mesures de surveillance de la grossesse largement recommandée. La méthode de dépistage à l'acide acétique n'est pas fiable: dans un centre de santé au Mali, 66% des examens étaient positífs. La méthode à l'acide sulfo-salicylique (ASS) rèprésente une alternative simpe et fiable. Nous avons comparé les resultats de la méthode ASS avec des bandelettes reactives: 1. dans un laboratoire en Suisse, 2. en milieu scolaire au Cameroun. La proportion d'accord entre les deus examens était, respectivement: 1. de 82% (66–98); 2. de 90% (83–96). Son introduction dans les Centres de SMI d'une ville du Mali a permis une amélioration durable de la qualité de la surveíllance des grossesses. Cette expérience confirme qu'il s'agit d'une méthode simple, facile à démontrer et à rèaliser et très bon marché.

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References

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Robert, CF., Mauris, A., Beuvier, P. et al. Proteinuria screening using sulfosalicylic acid: Advantages of the method for the monitoring of prenatal consultations in West Africa. Soz Präventivmed 40, 44–49 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01615661

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01615661

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