Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Growth factors and oncogenes in human gastrointestinal carcinomas

  • Guest Editorial
  • Published:
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Multi-autocrine loops of the epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factorα (TGFα), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and TGFβ system are expressed in human gastrointestinal carcinomas. In esophageal and gastric carcinomas, they evidently play an important role in tumor progression. Gastrin, one of the major gut hormones, may also act as an autocrine growth factor for gastric and colonic carcinomas. TheHST1 andINT-2 genes, belonging to the fibroblast growth factor gene family, are coamplified in approximately 50% of primary tumors and in all the metastatic tumors of esophageal carcinoma. TGFα and EGF are the ligands of the tumor cells that overexpress EGF receptor in esophageal carcinomas. The synchronous expression of EGF and its receptor, as well as TGFα andras p21, is evidently correlated with the depth of tumor invasion, metastasis and prognosis of gastric carcinomas. Amplification of c-erbB-2 and EGF receptor genes has been observed in many metastatic sites of gastric carcinomas regardless of histological type. In addition to TGFα and EGF, TGFβ and PDGF A chain produced by tumor cells may stimulate collagen synthesis not only by fibroblasts but also by tumor cells themselves, resulting in extensive progression and diffuse fibrosis of scirrhous gastric carcinomas. Moreover, TGFα or EGF and estrogen may also play a cooperative role in the development of scirrhous gastric carcinoma. In colorectal carcinoma, it has been shown that the accumulation of several alterations inras genes and p53 genes is most important for the conversion of adenoma to carcinoma. Critical genetic changes, including activation of oncogenes, mutation and deletion of tumor suppressor genes and disturbances in transcriptional regulatory sequences, may bring about aberrant expression of growth factors and their receptors in gastrointestinal carcinomas. The understanding of the significance of EGF-related growth factors in tumor progression provides a framework for a biological approach to the therapy of human gastrointestinal carcinomas. 8-Cl-cAMP, which inhibits expression of oncogenes and TGFα, may be useful not only for cancer therapy but also for the study of cell differentiation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

TGF:

transforming growth factor

EGF:

epidermal growth factor

PDGF:

platelet-derived growth factor

FGF:

fibroblast growth factor

References

  • Adelaide J, Mattei MG, Marics I, Raybaund F, Planche J, Lapeyriere OD, Birnbaum D (1988) Chromosomal localization of thehst oncogene and its co-amplification with the int.2 oncogene in a human melanoma. Oncogene 2:413–416

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali IU, Merlo G, Callahan R, Lidereau R (1989) The amplification unit on chromosome 11q13 in aggressive primary human breast tumors entails thebcl-1,int-2, andhst loci. Oncogene 4:89–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Almoguera C, Shibata D, Forrester K, Martin J, Arnheim N, Perucho M (1988) Most human carcinomas of the exocrine pancrease contain mutant c-K-ras genes. Cell 53:549–554

    Google Scholar 

  • Amagase H, Kakimoto M, Hashimoto K, Fuwa T, Tsukagoshi S (1989) Epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated selective cytotoxicity of antitumor agents toward human xenografts and murine syngeneic solid tumors. Jpn J Cancer Res 80:670–678

    Google Scholar 

  • Anzano MA, Rieman D, Prichett W, Bowen-Pope DF, Greig R (1989) Growth factor production by human colon carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Res 49:2898–2904

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker SJ, Feron ER, Nigro JM, Hamilton SR, Preisinger AC, Jessup JM, van Tuinen P, Ledbetter DH, Barker DF, Nakamura Y, White R, Vogelstein B (1989) Chromosome 17 deletions and p53 gene mutations in colorectal carcinomas. Science 244:217–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin GS (1982) Gastrin and the transforming protein of polyoma virus have evolved from a common ancestor. FEBS Lett 137:1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin GS, Burgess AW, Kamp BE (1982) Phosphorylation of a synthetic gastrin peptide by the tyrosine kinase of A431 cell membranes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 109:656–663

    Google Scholar 

  • Berenson JR, Yang J, Koga H, Slamon D, Mickel RA (1989) Bcl-1 andint-2 co-amplification in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and lung. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 30:440

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergh J (1988) The expression of the platelet-derived growth factor genes in human nonsmall lung cancer cell lines is related to tumor stroma formation in nude mice. Am J Pathol 133:434–439

    Google Scholar 

  • Bos JL, Verlaan-de Vries M, Marshall CJ, Veeneman GH, Boom JH, Eb AJ (1986) A human gastric carcinoma contains a single mutated and an amplified normal allele of the Ki-ras oncogene. Nucl Acids Res 14:1209–1217

    Google Scholar 

  • Bos JL, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, Verlaan-de Vries M, H Van Boom J, J van der Eb A, Vogelstein B (1987) Prevalence ofras gene mutations in human colorectal cancers. Nature 327:293–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd FT, Massagué J (1989) Transforming growth factor-β inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation linked to the expression of a 53-kDa membrane receptor. J Biol Chem 264:2272–2278

    Google Scholar 

  • Brachmann R, Lindquist PB, Nagashima M, Kohr W, Lipari T, Napier M, Derynck R (1989) Transmembrane TGF-α precursors activate EGF/TGF-α receptors. Cell 56:691–700

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown KD, Blakeley DM (1984) Transforming growth factors: sources, properties and possible roles in normal and malignant cell growth control Biochem Soc Trans 12:168–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Calés C, Hancock JF, Marshall CJ, Hall A (1988) The cytoplasmic protein GAP is implicated as the target for regulation by theras gene product. Nature 332:548–551

    Google Scholar 

  • Casey G, Smith R, McGillivray D, Peters G, Dickson C (1986) Characterization and chromosome assignment of the human homolog ofint-2, a potential proto-oncogene. Mol Cell Biol 6:502–510

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhary VK, FitzGerald DJ, Adhya A, Pastan I (1987) Activity of a recombinant fusion protein between transforming growth factor typeα andPseudomonas toxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:4538–4542

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheifetz S, Weatherbee JA, Tsang ML-S, Anderson JK, Mole JE, Lucas R, Massagué J (1987) The transforming growth factor-β system, a complex pattern of cross-reactive ligands and receptors. Cell 48:409–415

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheifetz S, Bassols A, Stanley K, Ohta M, Greenberger J, Massagué J (1988) Heterodimeric transforming growth factorβ. J Biol Chem 263:10783–10789

    Google Scholar 

  • Cho-Chung YS (1989) Site-selective 8-chloro-cyclic adnosine 3′-,5′monophosphate as a biological modulator of cancer: restoration of normal control mechanisms. J Natl Cancer Inst 81:982–987

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng G, Lu Y, Chen S (1987) Activated c-Ha-ras oncogene with a guanine or thymine transversion at the twelfth codon in a stomach cancer cell line. Cancer Res 47:3195–3198

    Google Scholar 

  • Downward J, Yarden Y, Mayes E, Scrace G, Totty N, Stockwell P, Ullrich A, Schlessinger J, Waterfield MD (1984) Close similarity of epidermal growth factor receptor and v-erb-B oncogene protein sequences. Nature 307:521–527

    Google Scholar 

  • Eliyahu D, Goldfinger N, Pinhasi-Kimhi O, Shaulsky G, Skurnik Y, Arai N, Rotter V, Oren M (1988) Meth a fibrosarcoma cells express two transforming mutant p53 species. Oncogene 3:313–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Fey MF, Hesketh C, Wainscoat JS, Gendler S, Thein SL (1989) Clonal allele loss in gastrointestinal cancers. Br J Cancer 59:750–754

    Google Scholar 

  • Godley JM, Brand SJ (1989) Regulation of the gastrin promoter by epidermal growth factor and neuropeptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:3036–3040

    Google Scholar 

  • Goustin AS, Leof EB, Shipley GD, Moses HL (1986) Growth factors and cancer. Cancer Res 46:1015–1029

    Google Scholar 

  • Heldin C-H, Westermark B (1984) Growth factors: mechanism of action and relation to oncogenes. Cell 37:9–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollstein MC, Smits AM, Galiana C, Yamasaki H, Bos JL, Mandard A, Partensky C, Montesano R (1988) Amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor gene but no evidence ofras mutations in primary human esophageal cancers. Cancer Res 48:5119–5123

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoosein NM, Kiener PA, Curry RC, Rovati LC, McGilbra DK, Brattain MG (1988) Antiproliferative effects of gastrin receptor antagonists and antibodies to gastrin on human colon carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Res 48:7179–7183

    Google Scholar 

  • Ito M, Yoshida K, Yasui W, Ito H, Tahara E (1989) Expression of growth factors and their receptor genes in human colorectal carcinomas. In: Nishizuka Y et al. (eds) 7th Int Conf cyclic nucleotides, calcium and protein phosphorylation, Organizing Committee of 7th Int NCP Conf, Kobe, p 204

  • Johnson MD, Housey GM, Kirschmeier PT, Weinstein IB (1987) Molecular cloning of gene sequences regulated by tumor promoters and mitogens through protein kinase C. Mol Cell Biol 7:2821–2829

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamata T, Feramisco JR (1984) Is theras oncogene protein a component of the epidermal growth factor receptor system? In: Levine AJ et al. (eds) Cancer cells, vol 1. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp 11–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasselberg AG, Orth DN, Gray ME, Stahlman MT (1985) Immunocytochemical localization of human epidermal growth factor/ urogastrone in several human tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 33:315–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimchi A, Wang XF, Weinberg RA, Cheifetz S, Massagué J (1988) Absence of TGF-β receptors and growth inhibitory responses in retinoblastoma cells. Science 240:196–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumamoto T (1988) Gastrin receptors in human gastric scirrhous carcinoma. Gastroenterol Jpn 23:384–389

    Google Scholar 

  • Kyo E, Ito M, Oda N, Yoshida K, Takekura N, Tahara E (1989) EGF acts as an autocrine growth factor for human gastric carcinoma cells. In: Nishizuka Y et al. (eds) Proc Jpn Cancer Assoc, 48th Annu Meet, Tokyo, p 190

  • Margolis B, Rhee SG, Felder S, Mervic M, Lyall R, Levitzki A, Ullrich A, Zilberstein A, Schlessinger J (1989) EGF induces tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-II: a potential mechanism for EGF receptor signaling. Cell 57:1101–1107

    Google Scholar 

  • Matrisian LM, Leroy P, Ruhlmann C, Gesnel M-C, Breathnack R (1986) Isolation of the oncogene and epidermal growth factor-induced transin gene: complex control in rat fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 6:1679–1686

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyagawa K, Sakamoto H, Yoshida T, Yamashita Y, Mitsui Y, Furusawa M, Maeda S, Takaku F, Sugimura T, Terada M (1988)hst-1 transforming protein: expression in silkworm cells and characterization as a novel heparin binding growth factor. Oncogene 3:383–389

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakatani H, Tahara E, Yoshida T, Sakamoto H, Suzuki T, Watanabe H, Sekiguchi M, Kaneko Y, Sakurai M, Terada M, Sugimura T (1986) Detection of amplified DNA sequences in gastric cancers by a DNA renaturation method in gel. Jpn J Cancer Res (Gann) 77:849–853

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen C, Roux D, Mattei M-G, de Lapeyriere O, Goldfarb M, Birnbaum D, Jordan BR (1988) The FGF-related oncogeneshst andint.2, and the bcl.1 locus are contained within one megabase in band q13 of chromosome 11, while thefgf.5 oncogene maps to 4q21. Oncogene 3:703–708

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishizuka Y (1989) Studies and prospectives of the protein kinase C family for cellular regulation. Cancer 63:1892–1903

    Google Scholar 

  • Ochiai A, Yasui W, Tahara E (1985) Growth-promoting effect of gastrin on human gastric carcinoma cell line TMK-1. Jpn J Cancer Res (Gann) 76:1964–1071

    Google Scholar 

  • Ochiai A, Takanashi A, Takekura N, Yoshida K, Miyamori S, Harada T, Tahara E (1988) Effect of human epidermal growth factor on cell growth and its receptor in human gastric carcinoma cell lines. Jpn J Clin Oncol 18:15–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Ochiai A, Yasui W, Kameda T, Takanashi A, Takekura N, Tahara E, (1989) Effect of phorbol esters on cell growth and epidermal growth factor receptor modulation in a human gastric carcinoma cell line TMK-1. Hiroshima J Med Sci (in press)

  • O'Hara BM, Oskarsson M, Tainsky MA, Blair DG (1986) Mechanism of activation of humanras genes cloned from a gastric adenocarcinoma and a pancreatic carcinoma cell line. Cancer Res 46:4695–4700

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozawa S, Ueda M, Ando N, Abe O, Shimizu N (1987) High incidence of EGF receptor hyperproduction in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Int J Cancer 39:333–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozawa S, Ueda M, Ando N, Abe O, Minoshima S, Shimizu N (1989) Selective killing of squamous carcinoma cells by an immunotoxin that recognizes the EGF receptor. Int J Cancer 43:152–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul J (1989) Tumour suppressor genes: oncogenesis update. Histopathology 15:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer S, Ullrich A (1986) Structural relationships between growth factors precursors and cell surface receptors. In: Kahn P, Graf T (eds) Oncogenes and growth control. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 70–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Raghow R, Postlethwaite AE, Keski-Oja J, Moses HL, Kang AH (1987) Transforming growth factor-β increases steady state level of type I procollagen and fibronectin messenger RNAs post-transcriptionally in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. J Clin Invest 79:1285–1288

    Google Scholar 

  • Rappolee DA, Brenner CA, Schultz R, Mark D, Werb Z (1988) Developmental expression of PDGF, TGF-α, and TGF-β genes in preimplantation mouse embryos. Science 241:1823–1825

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross R, Raines EW, Bowen-Pope DF (1986) The biology of platelet-derived growth factor. Cell 46:155–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakamoto H, Mori M, Taira M, Yoshida T, Matsukawa S, Shimizu K, Sekiguchi M, Terada M, Sugimura T (1986) Transforming gene from human stomach cancers and a noncancerous portion of stomach mucosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:3997–1001

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherr CJ, Rettenmier CW, Sacca R, Roussel MF, Look AT, Stanley ER (1985) The c-fms proto-oncogene product is related to the receptor for the mononuclear phagocyte growth factor, CSF-1. Cell 41:665–676

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigal IS (1988) Theras oncogene: a structure and some function. Nature 332:485–486

    Google Scholar 

  • Sporn MB, Roberts AB (1985) Autocrine growth factors and cancer. Nature 313:745–747

    Google Scholar 

  • Stahlman MT, Orth DN, Gray ME (1989) Immunocytochemical localization of epidermal growth factor in the developing human respiratory system and in acute and chronic lung disease in the neonate. Lab Invest 60:539–547

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoscheck CM, King LE Jr (1986) Role of epidermal growth factor in carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 46:1030–1037

    Google Scholar 

  • Sumiyoshi H, Yasui W, Ochiai A, Tahara E (1984) Effects of gastrin on tumor growth and cyclic nucleotide metabolism in xenotransplantable human gastric and colonic carcinomas in nude mice. Cancer Res 44:4276–4280

    Google Scholar 

  • Tahara E (1988) Endocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: classification, function and biological behavior. In: Watanabe S, Wolff M, Sommers SC (eds) Digestive disease pathology, vol 1. Field & Wood, Philadelphia, pp 121–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Tahara E (1989) Oncogenes in human gastric carcinoma. Jpn J Cancer Chemother 16:2149–2155

    Google Scholar 

  • Tahara E, Nakatani H, Yoshida K, Yokozaki H (1988a) Gastric scirrhous carcinoma and growth factors. Jpn J Cancer Chemother 15:1236–1240

    Google Scholar 

  • Tahara E, Matsumura T, Nakatani H, Yokozaki H (1988b) Oncogenes and growth factors in colon cancer. Pathol Clin Med 6:900–910

    Google Scholar 

  • Takanashi A, Kameda T, Yasui W, Tahara E (1989) Messages related to protein kinase A induced by 8-Cl-cAMP in gastric carcinoma cell line TMK-1. In: Nishizuka et al. (eds) Proc Jpn Cancer Assoc, 48th Annu Meet, Tokyo, p 144

  • Tsuda T, Nakatani H, Matsumura T, Yoshida K, Tahara E, Nishihira T, Sakamoto H, Yoshida T, Terada M, Sugimura T (1988) Amplification of thehst-1 gene in human esophageal carcinomas. Jpn J Cancer Res (Gann) 79:584–588

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsuda T, Nakatani H, Tahara E, Sakamoto H, Terada M, Sugimura T (1989a)HST1 andINT2 gene comaplification in a squamous cell carcinoma of gall bladder. Jpn J Clin Oncol 19:26–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsuda T, Tahara E, Kajiyama G, Sakamoto H, Terada M, Sugimura T (1989b) High incidence of coamplification ofHST1 andINT2 genes in human esophageal carcinomas. Cancer Res 49:5505–5508

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsuda T, Yoshida K, Tsujino T, Nakayama H, Kajiyama G, Tahara E (1989c) Coexpression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-chain and PDGF receptor genes in human gastric carcinomas. Jpn J Cancer Res 80:813–817

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsujimoto Y, Jaffe E, Cossman J, Gorham J, Nowell PC, Croce CM (1985) Clustering of breakpoints on chromosome 11 in human B-cell neoplasms with the t(11;14) chromosome translocation. Nature 315:340–343

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsujino T, Tsuda T, Yoshida K, Shimosato T, Tahara E (1989) Oncogene amplification and metastasis in gastric and esophageal carcinomas. In: Nishizuka Y et al. (eds) Proc Jpn Cancer Assoc, 48th Annu Meet, Tokyo, p 25

  • Upp JR Jr, Singh P, Townsend CM Jr, Thompson JC (1989) Clinical significance of gastrin receptors in human colon cancers. Cancer Res 49:488–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, Kern SE, Preisinger AC, Leppert M, Nakamura Y, White R, Smits AMM, Bos JL (1988) Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development. Engl J Med 319:525–532

    Google Scholar 

  • Wada A, Sakamoto H, Katoh O, Yoshida T, Yokota J, Little PFR, Sugimura T and Terada M (1989) Two homologous oncogenes,HST1 andINT2, are closely located in human genome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 157:825–835

    Google Scholar 

  • Wada M, Yokota J, Mizoguchi H, Sugimura T, Terada M (1988) Infrequent loss of chromosomal heterzygosity in human stomach cancer. Cancer Res 48:2988–2992

    Google Scholar 

  • Waterfield MD, Scrace GT, Whittle N, Stroobant P, Johnsson A, Wasteson A, Westermark B, Heldin C-H, Huang JS, Deuel TF (1983) Platelet-derived growth factor is structurally related to the putative transforming protein p28sis of simian sarcoma virus. Nature 304:35–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson SA, Durrant LG, Crosbie JD, Morris DL (1989) The in vitro growth response of primary human colorectal and gastric cancer cells to gastrin. Int J Cancer 43:692–696

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinberg RA (1989) Oncogenes, antioncogenes and the molecular bases of multistep carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 49:3713–3721

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein IB (1989) The origins of human cancer: molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and their implications for cancer prevention and treatment — 27th G.H.A. Clowes memorial award lecture. Cancer Res 48:4135–4143

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinstock J, Baldwin GS (1988) Binding of gastrin17 to human gastric carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Res 48:932–937

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong ST, Winchell LF; McCune BK, Shelton Earp H, Teixido J, Massagué J, Herman B, Lee DC (1989) The TGF-αprecursor expressed on the cell surface binds to the EGF receptor on adjacent cells, leading to signal transduction. Cell 56:495–506

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto R, Tatsuta M, Nakamura H, Matsusaka T, Terada N, Tamura H (1988) Morphological changes in a human scirrhous gastric carcinoma cell line (KATO-III) when cultured in collagen-coated dishes. Virchows Arch [B] 55:247–253

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto T, Hattori T, Tahara E (1988) Interaction between transforming growth factor-alpha and c-Ha-ras p21 in progression of human gastric carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 183:663–669

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasui W, Tahara E (1985) Effect of gastrin on gastric mucosal cyclic adenosine 3′∶5′-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase activity in rat stomach carcinogenesis induced byN-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Cancer Res 45:4763–4767

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasui W, Sumiyoshi H, Ochiai A, Tahara E (1985) Calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in human gastric mucosa and carcinoma. Jpn J Cancer Res (Gann) 76:1168–1173

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasui W, Sumiyoshi H, Ochiai A, Tahara E (1986) Cholecystokinin inhibition of tumor growth and gastrin-stimulated cyclic adenosine 3′∶5′-monophosphate metabolism in human gastric carcinoma in nude mice. Cancer Res 46:740–743

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasui W, Sumiyoshi H, Hata J, Kameda T, Ochiai A, Ito H, Tahara E (1988a) Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in human gastric and colonic carcinomas. Cancer Res 48:137–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasui W, Hata J, Yokozaki H, Nakatani H, Ochiai A, Ito H, Tahara E (1988b) Interaction between epidermal growth factor and its receptor in progression of human gastric carcinoma. Int J Cancer 41:211–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Yokota J, Yamamoto T, Miyajima N, Toyoshima K, Nomura N, Sakamoto H, Yoshida T, Terada M, Sugimura T (1988) Genetic alterations of the c-erbB-2 oncogene occur frequently in tubular adenocarcinoma of the stomach and are often accompanied by amplification of the v-erbA homologue. Oncogene 2:283–287

    Google Scholar 

  • Yokozaki H, Takekura N, Takanashi A, Tabuchi J, Haruta R, Tahara E (1988) Estrogen receptors in gastric adenocarcinoma: a restrospective immunohistochemical analysis. Virchows Arch [A] 413:297–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida K, Tsuda T, Matsumura T, Tsujino T, Hattori T, Ito H, Tahara E (1989a) Amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene and oncogenes in human gastric carcinomas. Virchows Arch [B] 57:285–290

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida K, Takanashi A, Kyo E, Ito M, Ito H, Niimoto M, Hattori T, Tahara E (1989b) Epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces the expression of receptor gene by human gastric carcinoma cell line TMK-1. Jpn J Cancer Res 80:743–746

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida K, Yokozaki H, Niimoto M, Ito H, Ito M, Tahara E (1989c) Expression of TGF-β and procollagen type I and type III in human gastric carcinomas. Int J Cancer 44:394–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida K, Kyo E, Niimoto M, Kajihara H, Tahara E (1989d) Expression of EGF, TGFα, and EGFR gene in gastric carcinomas. In: Nishizuka Y et al. (eds) Proc Jpn Cancer Assoc, 48th Annu Meet, Tokyo, p 156

  • Yoshida MC, Wada M, Satoh H, Yoshida T, Sakamoto H, Miyagawa K, Yokota J, Koda T, Kakinuma M, Sugimura T, Terada M (1988) HumanHST1 (HSTF1) gene maps to chromosome band 11q13 and coamplifies with theINT2 gene in human cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:4861–4864

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida T, Miyagawa K, Odagiri H, Sakamoto H, Little PFR, Terada M, Sugimura T (1987) Genomic sequence ofhst, a transforming gene encoding a protein homologous to fibroblast growth factors and theint-2encoded protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:7305–7309

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida T, Hattori Y, Sakamoto H, Odagiri H, Miyagawa K, Nakatani H, Tahara E, Sugimura T, Terada M (1989) Amplified gene in gastric cancer,sam, codes. (AACR/JCA Joint Meeting) Am Assoc Cancer Res 30:783

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The First Department of Pathology, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, 734, Hiroshima, Japan

    Eiichi Tahara

Authors
  1. Eiichi Tahara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

The “Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology” publishes in loose succession “Editorials” and “Guest editorials” on current and/or controversial problems in experimental and clinical oncology. These contributions represents exclusively the personal opinion of the author The Editors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tahara, E. Growth factors and oncogenes in human gastrointestinal carcinomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 116, 121–131 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01612665

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01612665

Key words

Search

Navigation