Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Importance of the post-mitotic isodiametric growth (PIG) region for growth and development of roots

  • Published:
Plant and Soil Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Plant cells are assumed to embark on rapid elongation immediately after the cessation of their mitotic divisions at the proximal end of the meristem. However, a comprehensive appraisal of most of the data previously published on this matter, as well as several recently obtained findings, has convincingly revealed, at least for root cells that this belief is incorrect. For example, morphometric analysis of the maize root apex has clearly defined a distinct transitional region between the meristem and the zone of rapid cell elongation. This growth region is operationally defined as the post-mitotic isodiametric growth (PIG) region. In the middle of the cortex, this region may have a length similar to that of the meristem in steady-state growing roots. We believe that PIG is a specific phase in root cell ontogeny and that cells of the PIG region have more in common with the meristematic cells than with the rapidly elongating cells, although many of the metabolic properties of cells in the PIG region are rather unique. In this regard, certain properties of cells in the PIG region, such as the distributions of their microtubules and their sensitivity towards auxin and calcium, were found to be of crucial importance for the induction of differential cell growth patterns essential for the graviresponse of maize roots. Other data indicate that the PIG region is of considerable significance for the overall development of roots because of its characteristic plasticity under unfavourable external conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • AtwellB J 1993 Response of roots to mechanical impedance. Environ. Exp. Bot. 33, 27–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • AtwellB J, DrewM C and JacksonM B 1988 The influence of oxygen deficiency on ethylene synthesis, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid levels and aerenchyma formation in roots ofZea mays. Physiol. Plant. 72, 15–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldovinosde laPena G 1953 Growth of the root tip.In Growth and Differentiation in Plants. Ed. W ELoomis. pp 27–54. Iowa State College Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • BaluškaF 1990 Nuclear size, DNA content and chromatin condensation are different in individual tissues of the maize root apex. Protoplasma 158, 45–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • BaluškaF and KubicaŠ 1992 Relationships between the content of basic nuclear proteins, chromatin structure, rDNA transcription and cell size in different tissues of the maize root apex. J. Exp. Bot. 43, 991–996.

    Google Scholar 

  • BaluškaF, HauskrechtM and KubicaŠ 1990 Postmitotic ‘isodiametric’ cell growth in the maize root apex. Planta 181, 269–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • BaluškaF, ParkerJ S and BarlowP W 1992 Specific patterns of cortical and endoplasmic microtubules associated with cell growth and tissue differentiation in roots of maize (Zea mays). J. Cell Sci. 103, 191–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • BaluškaF, ParkerJ S and BarlowP W 1993a A role for gibberellic acid in orienting microtubules and regulating cell growth polarity in the maize root cortex. Planta 191, 149–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • BaluškaF, ParkerJ S and BarlowP W 1993b The microtubular cytoskeleton in cells of cold-treated roots of maize (Zea mays) shows tissue-specific responses. Protoplasma 172, 84–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • BaluškaF, BrailsfordR W, HauskrechtM, JacksonM B and BarlowP W 1993c Cellular dimorphism in the maize root cortex: involvement of microtubules, ethylene and gibberellin in the differentiation of cellular behaviour in postmitotic growth zones. Bot. Acta 106, 394–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • BarlowP W 1969 Cell growth in the absence of division in a root meristem. Planta 88, 215–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • BarlowP W 1982 Cellular aspects of gravitropism in roots.In Plant Growth Substances. Ed. P FWareing. pp 507–518. Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • BarlowP W 1989 Anatomical controls of root growth. Aspects Appl. Biol. 22, 57–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barlow P W 1994 Cell divisions in meristems and their contribution to organogenesis and plant form. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., Suppl. (In press).

  • BarlowP W and RathfelderE L 1985 Distribution and redistribution of extension growth along vertical and horizontal gravireacting maize roots. Planta 165, 134–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barlow P W and Zieschang H E 1994 Root movements: towards an understanding through attempts to model the processes involved. Plant and Soil 165.

  • BarlowP W, BrainP and ParkerJ S 1991 Cellular growth in roots of a gibberellin-deficient mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and its wild-type. J. Exp. Bot. 42, 339–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • BarlowP W, RostT L and GunningB E S 1982 Nuclear and cytoplasmic changes during early stages of cell differentiation in roots of the water fern,Azolla pinnata. Protoplasma 112, 205–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • BaskinT I, BetznerA S, HoggartR, CorkA and WilliamsonR E 1992 Root morphology mutants inArabidopsis thaliana. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 19, 427–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • BednaraJ 1974 Root growth rate and incorporation of3H-thymidine following partial removal of the root tip inZea mays.In Structure and Function of Primary Root Tissues. Ed. JKolek. pp 23–32. Veda, Bratislava.

    Google Scholar 

  • BenfeyP N, LinsteadP J, RobertsK, SchiefelbeinJ W, HauserM-T and AeschbacherR A 1993 Root development inArabidopsis: four mutants with dramatically altered root morphogenesis. Development 119, 57–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • BergfeldR, SpethV and SchopferP 1987 Reorientation of microfibrils and microtubules at the outer epidermal wall of maize coleoptiles during auxin-mediated growth. Bot. Acta 101, 57–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • BjörkmanT and ClelandR E 1991 Root growth regulation and gravitropism in maize roots does not require the epidermis. Planta 185, 34–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • BlancaflorE B and HasensteinK H 1993 Organization of cortical microtubules in graviresponding maize roots. Planta 191, 231–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • BrownR and BroadbentD 1951 The development of cells in the growing zones of the root. J. Exp. Bot. 1, 249–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • BurströmH 1942 Die osmotische Verhältnisse während des Streckungswachstum der Wurzel. Lantbr-Högsk. Ann. 10, 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • BurströmH 1950 Studies on growth and metabolism of roots. IV. Positive and negative auxin effects on cell elongation. Physiol. Plant. 3, 277–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • BurströmH 1957 On the adaptation of roots to β-indolylacetic acid. Physiol. Plant. 10, 187–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • BurströmH 1968 Calcium and plant growth. Biol. Rev. 43, 287–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • BurströmH 1969 Influence of the tonic effects of gravitation and auxin on the cell elongation and polarity in roots. Am. J. Bot. 56, 679–684.

    Google Scholar 

  • BurströmH 1971 Tissue tensions during cell elongation in wheat roots and a comparison with contractile roots. Physiol. Plant. 25, 509–513.

    Google Scholar 

  • CambellR and DrewM C 1983 Electron microscopy of gas space (aerenchyma) formation in adventitious roots ofZea mays L. subjected to oxygen shortage. Planta 147, 350–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • ClarksonD T, RobardsA W, StephensJ E and StarkM 1987 Suberin lamellae in the hypodermis of maize (Zea mays) roots, development and factors affecting the permeability of hypodermal layers. Plant Cell Environ. 10, 83–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • ClowesF A L 1983 Exit from the mitotic cycle in root meristems ofZea mays L. Ann. Bot. 51, 385–393.

    Google Scholar 

  • CollingsD A, WhiteR G and OverallR L 1992 Ionic currents changes associated with the gravity-induced bending response in roots ofZea mays L. Plant Physiol. 100, 1417–1426.

    Google Scholar 

  • DauwalderM, RouxS J and RabenbergL K 1985 Cellular and subcellular localization of calcium in gravistimulated corn roots. Protoplasma 129, 137–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeaconJ W, DrewM C and DarlingA 1986 Progressive cortical senescence and formation of lysigenous gas space (aerenchyma) distinguished by nuclear staining in adventitious roots ofZea mays. Ann. Bot. 58, 719–727.

    Google Scholar 

  • DemchenkoN P 1984 Mitotic and endoreduplication cycles in the development of the wheat root metaxylem cell lines. Tsitologiya 26, 382–391. (In Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • DeltourR, AntoineN and BronchartR 1989 Root ontogenesis during early germination ofZea mays. Ann. Bot. 64, 107–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • EliassonL, BertellG and BolanderE 1989 Inhibitory action of auxin on root root elongation not mediated by ethylene. Plant Physiol. 91, 310–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • EvansM L 1991 Gravitropism: Interaction of sensitivity modulation and effector redistribution. Plant Physiol. 95, 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • FraserT E, SilkW K and RostT L 1990. Effects of low water potential on cortical cell length in growing regions of maize roots. Plant Physiol. 93, 648–651.

    Google Scholar 

  • GandarP W 1980 The analysis of growth and cell production in root apices. Bot. Gaz. 141, 131–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • GoodwinR H 1972 Studies on roots. V. Effects of indoleacetic acid on the standard root growth pattern ofPhleum pratense. Bot. Gaz. 133, 224–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • HasensteinH K and EvansM L 1986 The calcium dependence of rapid auxin action in maize roots. Plant Physiol., 81, 439–443.

    Google Scholar 

  • HeC-J, MorganP W and DrewM C 1992 Enhanced sensitivity to ethylene in nitrogen- or phosphate-starved roots ofZea mays L. during aerenchyma formation. Plant Physiol. 98, 137–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • HejnowiczZ 1961 The response of the different parts of the cell elongation zone in root to external β-indolylacetic acid. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 30, 25–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • HejnowiczZ, KrauseE, GlebickiK and SieversA 1991 Propagated fluctuations of the electric potential in the apoplasm ofLepidium sativum L. roots. Planta 186, 127–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • HeldB M, WangH, JohnI, WurteleE S and ColbertJ T 1993 An mRNA putatively coding for anO-methyltransferase accumulates preferentially in maize roots and is located predominantly in the region of the endodermis. Plant Physiol. 102, 1001–1008.

    Google Scholar 

  • HellebustJ A and ForwardD F 1962 The invertase activity of the corn radicle and its activity in successive stages of growth. Can. J. Bot. 40, 113–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • HodickD and KutscheraU 1992 Light-induced inhibition of elongation growth in sunflower hypocotyls. Biophysical and ultrastructural investigations. Protoplasma 168, 7–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • HohlM and SchopferP 1992 Cell-wall tension of the inner tissues of the maize coleoptile and its potential contribution to auxin-mediated organ growth. Planta 188, 340–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • HolmesB E, MeeL K, HornsleyS and GrayL H 1955 The nucleic acid content of cells in the meristematic, elongating and fully elongated segments of roots ofVicia faba. Exp. Cell Res. 8, 101–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • IshidaK and KatsumiM 1992 Effects of gibberellin and abscisic acid on the cortical microtubule orientation in hypocotyl cells of light-grown cucumber seedlings. Int. J. Plant. Sci. 153, 155–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • IshikawaH and EvansM L 1990 Gravity-induced changes in intracellular potentials in elongating cortical cells of mung bean roots. Plant Cell Physiol. 31, 457–462.

    Google Scholar 

  • IshikawaH and EvansM L 1992 Induction of curvature in maize roots by calcium or by thigmostimulation. Role of the postmitotic isodiametric growth zone. Plant Physiol. 100, 762–768.

    Google Scholar 

  • IshikawaH and EvansM L 1993 The role of the distal elongation zone in the response of maize roots to auxin and gravity. Plant Physiol. 102, 1203–1210.

    Google Scholar 

  • IshikawaH, HasensteinK H and EvansM L 1991 Computer-based video digitizer analysis of surface extension in maize roots. Kinetics of growth rate changes during gravitropism. Planta 181, 381–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • IvanovV B 1980 Specificity of spatial and time organization of root cell growth in connection with functions of the root. Sov. Plant. Physiol. 26, 720–728.

    Google Scholar 

  • IvanovV B 1981 Cellular basis of root growth.In Soviet Science Review, Biological Series Vol. 2. Ed. V SKulachev. pp 365–392. Overseas Publications, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • IwabuchiA, YanoM and ShimizuH 1989 Development of extracellular electric pattern aroundLepidium roots: its possible role in root growth and gravitropism. Protoplasma 148, 94–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • JauninF, Boutinard Rouelle-RossierV and HoferR-M 1991 Cytochemical and X-ray microanalytical studies of calcium in the extending zone, particularly in the rhizodermis ofZea mays roots. Physiol. Plant. 81, 15–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • JensenW A 1955 A morphological and biochemical analysis of the early phases of cellular growth in the root tip ofVicia faba. Exp. Cell Res. 8, 506–522.

    Google Scholar 

  • JensenW A and KavaljianL G 1958 An analysis of cell morphology and the periodicity of division in root tip ofAllium cepa. Am. J. Bot. 45, 365–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • KatekarG F and GeisslerA E 1992 On the role of the NPA receptor in the root gravitropic response mechanism.In Progress in Plant Growth Regulation. Eds. C MKarssen, L CVanLoon and DVreugdenhil. pp 921–927. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • KoningsH and VerschurenG 1980 Formation of aerenchyma in roots ofZea mays in aerated solutions, and its relation to nutrient supply. Physiol. Plant. 49, 265–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • KubicaŠ 1984 Chromatin condensation during cell cycles of differentiating barley root central metaxylem. Biológia (Bratislava) 39, 1067–1073.

    Google Scholar 

  • KubicaŠ 1986 Duration of the last endocycle in differentiating cells of barley root central metaxylem. Biológia (Bratislava) 41, 1053–1060.

    Google Scholar 

  • KubicaŠ, BaluškaF and GašparíkováO 1989 Pattern of nucleic acids synthesis in the root apex ofZea mays L. Biológia (Bratislava) 44, 201–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • KubicaŠ, BaluškaF and HauskrechtM 1991 Elemental growth rate and rRNA transcript maturation exhibit the same pattern in individual tissues of the maize root apex. Ann. Bot. 68, 387–391.

    Google Scholar 

  • KutscheraU 1989 Tissue stresses in growing plant organs. Physiol. Plant. 77, 157–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • KutscheraU 1992 The role of the epidermis in the control of elongation growth in stems and coleoptiles. Bot. Acta 105, 246–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • KutscheraU, BergfeldR and SchopferP 1987 Cooperation of epidermis and inner tissues in auxin-mediated growth of maize coleoptiles. Planta 170, 168–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • LachnoD R, Harrison-MurrayR S and AudusL J 1982 The effects of mechanical impedance to growth on the levels of ABA and IAA in root tips ofZea mays L. J. Exp. Bot. 33, 943–951.

    Google Scholar 

  • LuxováM 1980 Kinetics of maize root growth. Ukr. Zhurn. Bot. 37, 68–72 (In Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • LuxováM 1981 Growth region of the primary root of maize (Zea mays L.)In Structure and Function of Plant Roots. Eds. RBrouwer, OGašparíková, JKolek and B CLoughman. pp 9–14. M Nijhoff/Dr W Junk, The Hague.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonaldI R and HartJ W 1987 New light on the Cholodny-Went theory. Plant Physiol. 84, 568–570.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCullyM E and CannyM J 1985 Localisation of translocated14C in roots and root exudates of field-grown maize. Physiol. Plant. 65, 380–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • MeuwlyP and PiletP-E 1987 Maize root growth and localized indol-3yl-acetic acid treatment. Plant Physiol. 84, 1265–1269.

    Google Scholar 

  • MeuwlyP and PiletP-E 1991 Local treatment with indole-3-acetic acid induces differential growth responses inZea mays L. roots. Planta 185, 58–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • MitchisonT and KirschnerM W 1984 Dynamic instability of microtubule growth. Nature 312, 237–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • MudayG K 1994 Tomato root growth, gravitropism, and lateral development. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 32, 193–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • NantawisarakulT and NewmanI A 1992 Growth and gravitropism of corn roots in solution. Plant Cell Environ. 15, 693–701.

    Google Scholar 

  • NickP, BergfeldR, SchäferE and SchopferP 1990 Unilateral reorientation of microtubules at the outer epidermal wall during photo- and gravitropic curvature of maize coleoptiles and sunflower hypocotyls. Planta 181, 162–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • NickP, SchäferE and FuruyaM 1992 Auxin redistribution during first positive phototropism in corn coleoptiles. Plant Physiol. 99, 1302–1308.

    Google Scholar 

  • OhwakiY and TsurumiS 1976 Auxin transport and growth in intact roots ofVicia faba. Plant Cell Physiol. 17, 1329–1342.

    Google Scholar 

  • PahlavanianA M and SilkW K 1987 Effect of temperature on spatial and temporal aspects of growth in the primary maize root. Plant Physiol. 87, 529–532.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parets-SolerA, PardoJ M and SerranoR 1990 Immunocytolocalization of plasma membrane H-ATPase. Plant Physiol. 93, 1654–1658.

    Google Scholar 

  • PiletP-E and MeuwlyP 1986 Local application of indole-3-acetic acid, by resin beads to intact growing maize roots. Planta 169, 16–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • PoffK L and MartinH V 1989 Site of graviperception in roots: a re-examination. Physiol. Plant. 76, 451–455.

    Google Scholar 

  • PritchardJ, Wyn JonesR G and TomosA D 1988 Control of wheat root growth. The effects of excision on growth, wall rheology and root anatomy. Planta 176, 399–405.

    Google Scholar 

  • PritchardJ, BarlowP W, AdamJ S and TomosA D 1990 Biophysics of the inhibition of the growth of maize roots by lowered temperature. Plant Physiol. 93, 222–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • PritchardJ, HetheringtonP R, FryS C and TomosA D 1993 Xyloglucan endotransglycolase activity, microfibril orientation and the profiles of cell wall properties along growing regions of maize roots. J. Exp. Bot. 44, 1281–1289.

    Google Scholar 

  • RufeltH 1959 Influence of coumarin on geotropism and growth of wheat roots. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 53, 312–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • SaabI N, SharpR E and PritchardJ 1992 Effect of inhibition of abscisic acid accumulation on the spatial distribution of elongation in the primary root and mesocotyl of maize at low water potentials. Plant Physiol. 99, 26–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • SarquisJ I, JordanW R and MorganP W 1991 Ethylene evolution from maize (Zea mays L.) seedling roots and shoots in response to mechanical impedance. Plant Physiol. 96, 1171–1177.

    Google Scholar 

  • SchilstraM J, BarleyP M and MartinS R 1991 The effect of solution composition on microtubule dynamic instability. Biochem. J. 277, 839–847.

    Google Scholar 

  • SchobertC and KomorE 1987 Amino acids uptake byRicinus communis roots: characterization and physiological significance. Plant Cell Environ. 10, 493–500.

    Google Scholar 

  • SharpR E, SilkW K and HsiaoT C 1988 Growth of the maize primary root at low water potentials. I. Spatial distribution of expansive growth. Plant Physiol. 87, 50–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen-MillerJ and McNittR E 1978 Quantitative assessment of the ultrastructural changes in primary roots of corn (Zea mays L.) after geotropic stimulation. Plant Physiol. 61, 649–653.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen-MillerJ, McNittR E and WojciechowskiM 1978 Regions of differential cell elongation and mitosis, and root meristem morphology in different tissues of geotropically stimulated maize root apices. Plant Physiol. 61, 7–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • SieversA and HejnowiczZ 1992 The gravitropic response chain of roots: new perspectives.In Plant Cell Walls as Biopolymers with Physiological Functions. Ed. YMasuda. pp 13–18. Yamada Science Foundation, Osaka, Japan.

    Google Scholar 

  • SieversA and ZieschangH E 1992 What remains of the Choldny-Went theory? It does not fit the growth pattern of cells during bending of a root. Plant Cell Environ. 15, 789–790.

    Google Scholar 

  • SilkW K and EricksonR O 1980 Local biosynthetic rates of cytoplasmic constituents in growing tissue. J. Theoret. Biol. 83, 701–703.

    Google Scholar 

  • SilkW K, HsiaoT C, DiedenhofenU and MatsonC 1986 Spatial distributions of potassium, solutes, and their deposition rates in the growth zone of the primary corn root. Plant Physiol. 82, 853–858.

    Google Scholar 

  • SpollenW G and SharpR E 1991 Spatial distribution of turgor and root growth at low water potentials. Plant Physiol. 96, 438–443.

    Google Scholar 

  • StenlidG 1957 A comparison of the toxic effects of some sugars upon growth and chloride accumulation in young wheat roots. Physiol. Plant. 10, 807–823.

    Google Scholar 

  • StenzH-G and WeisenseelM H 1993 Electrotropism of maize (Zea mays L.) roots. Facts and artifacts. Plant Physiol. 101, 1107–1111.

    Google Scholar 

  • StinemetzC 1992 Altered IAA responsiveness in the elongation region of graviresponding roots is independent of the root tip. Plant Physiol. Suppl. 99 367.

    Google Scholar 

  • SvenssonS-B 1971 The effect of coumarin on root growth and root histology. Physiol. Plant. 24, 446–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • TsurumiS and OhwakiY 1978 Transport of14C-labeled indoleacetic acid inVicia faba root segments. Plant Cell Physiol. 19, 1195–1206.

    Google Scholar 

  • VarneyG T and McCullyM E 1991 The branch roots ofZea. II. Developmental loss of the apical meristem in field-grown roots. New Phytol. 118, 535–546.

    Google Scholar 

  • VoetbergG S and SharpR E 1991 Growth of the maize primary root at low water potentials. III. Role of increased proline deposition in osmotic adjustment. Plant Physiol. 96, 1125–1130.

    Google Scholar 

  • WebsterP L 1980 Analysis of heterogeneity of relative division rates in root apical meristems. Bot. Gaz. 141, 353–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • WeisenseelM H, BeckerH F and EhlgötzJ G 1992 Growth, gravitropism, and endogenous ion currents of cress roots (Lepidium sativum L.). Plant Physiol. 100, 16–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • WhalenM C and FeldmanL J 1986 The effect of ethylene on root growth ofZea mays seedlings. Can. J. Bot. 66, 719–723.

    Google Scholar 

  • WilsonA J, RobardsA W and GossM J 1977 Effects of mechanical impedance on root growth in barley,Hordeum vulgare L. II. Effects on cell development in seminal roots. J. Exp. Bot. 28, 1216–1227.

    Google Scholar 

  • YangR L, EvansM L and MooreR 1990 Microsurgical removal of epidermal and cortical cells: evidence that the gravitropic signal moves through the outer cell layers in primary roots of maize. Plant Physiol. 180, 530–536.

    Google Scholar 

  • YoungL M, EvansM L and HertelR 1990 Correlations between gravitropic curvature and auxin movements across gravistimulated roots ofZea mays. Plant Physiol. 92, 792–796.

    Google Scholar 

  • ZandomeniK and SchopferP 1993 Reorientation of microtubules at the outer epidermal wall of maize coleoptiles by phytohormone, blue-light photoreceptor, and auxin. Protoplasma 173, 103–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • ZieschangH E and SieversA 1991 Graviresponse and the localization of its initiating cells in roots ofPhleum pratense L. Planta 184, 468–477.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, 842 23, Bratislava, Slovakia

    František Baluška & Štefan Kubica

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Arable Crops Research, Long Ashton Research Station, University of Bristol, BS18 9AF, Bristol, UK

    Peter W. Barlow

Authors
  1. František Baluška
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peter W. Barlow
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Štefan Kubica
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Baluška, F., Barlow, P.W. & Kubica, Š. Importance of the post-mitotic isodiametric growth (PIG) region for growth and development of roots. Plant Soil 167, 31–41 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01587595

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01587595

Key words

Search

Navigation