Summary
-
1.
A brief review of the literature on electric shock therapy is presented.
-
2.
Fifty cases of moderately chronic psychoses received over 1,000 electric shock treatments in convulsive and subconvulsive doses; and the technic, complications, hazards of treatment, contraindicatons, results, and other observations are discussed.
-
3.
A comparative study between electric shock and pharmacologic shock therapy as well as between two methods of electric shock therapy, i.e., the convulsive and subconvulsive, is presented.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Huff, G.: Electrophysiology. New York, D. Appleton and Company, 1853.
Berkwitz, Nathaniel J.: Faradic shock treatment of the “functional” psychoses. The Journal-Lancet, Minneapolis, 59, No. 8, August, 1939.
Cerletti, U., and Bini, L.: Un nuovo metodo di shockterapia “L'elettroshock.” Boll. Accad. Med., 136–138, Roma, 1938.
Androp, Serge, and Green, Ethel: Résumé of metrazol-shock therapy in schizophrenia. Dis. Nerv. Sys., 2:7, July, 1941.
Spiegel, E. A.: Quantitative determination of the convulsive reactivity by electric stimulation of the brain with. the skull intact. Jour. Lab. and Clin. Med., 22:1274–1276, 1936.
Krause, W.: Über den Wechselstromwiderstand des Säugetierschädels. Dissertation, Leipzig, 1936; quoted from Zentralblatt f. d. ges. Physiologie 102, 38.
Golla E., Walter, W. G., and Fleming, G. W.: Electrically induced convulsions. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 33:261–267, 1940.
Gonda, Victor E.: Treatment of mental disorders with electrically-induced convulsions Dis. Nerv. Sys., 2, 3, March, 1941.
Electrical convulsion treatment of mental disorders. Editorial, J. A. M.A., August 10, 1940.
Electric Shock Therapy. Offner Electronics, Chicago, November, 1940.
Alexander, Leo, Harvard University Medical School. Personal communication, September 14, 1940.
Putnam, Tracy Jackson, Neurological Institute, New York. Personal communication, September 16, 1940.
Smith, Lauren H., Hughes, Joseph, and Hastings, Donald W.: First impressions of electroshock treatment. Penn. Med. J., January, 1941.
Alexander, Leo: Electrical injuries to the central nervous system. Medical Clinics of North America, Boston number, May, 1938.
Clark, G. A., and Wall, T. F.: Unconsciousness produced by electric currents. Quart. J. Exper. Physiol., 24:85, February, 1934.
Löwenbach, Hans, Androp, Serge, and Lyman, Richard S.: Subconvulsive and convulsive electric shock controlled by the electroencephalogram in psychotic patients. To be published.
Löwenbach, H., and Lyman, R. S.: The electroencephalogram in electrically-induced convulsions of rabbits. In press.
Gibbs, F. A., Lennox, W. G., and Gibbs, E. L.: The E. E. G. in diagnosis and in localization of epileptic seizures. Arch. Neur. and Psychiat., 36:1225–1235, 1936.
von Meduna, L.: The significance of the convulsive reaction during the insulin and the cardiazol therapy of schizophrenia. J. Nerv. and Ment. Dis., 87:133–139, 1938.
de Meduna, L.: New methods of medical treatment of schizophrenia. Arch. Neurol. and Psychiat., 35, 361, 1936.
Almansi, Renato, and Impastato, David J.: Electrically-induced convulsions in the treatment of mental diseases. N. Y. S. J. Med., 40:17, September 1, 1940.
Electrically-induced convulsions. Foreign Letter. J. A. M. A., 114, 10:903, March 9, 1940.
Preston, George H., commissioner of Maryland Department of Mental Hygiene, Personal communication.
Berkwitz, Nathaniel J.: Treatment of mental disorders with pharmacological and electrical shock methods. Minnesota Med., 24:25, January, 1941.
Janet, P.: Principles of Psychotherapy (translated by H. M. and E. R. Guthrie). Macmillan, New York, 1924.
Androp, Serge: The effect of metrazol administration on prolonged refusal of food in the psychoses. Am. J. Psychiat., 96:6, May, 1940.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Androp, S. Electric shock therapy in the psychoses: Convulsive and subconvulsive methods. Psych Quar 15, 730–749 (1941). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01585127
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01585127