Geographical information systems and dynamic modelling

Abstract

Combinations of dynamic models and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have a vast potential to solve problems. Deficiencies and advantages of GIS and dynamic models are described. A multifacted description of complex systems allows three different types of combining dynamic models and GIS. Different classes of dynamic models are used within these combinations. These are: — complex aggregated dynamic feedback models (e.g. like those of Odum, Forrester or of the AEAM work), — simple generic dynamic models (in particular object oriented models) — models of physics based on partial differential equations (e.g. those for heat conduction or dispersal of noise or transport of gaseous pollutants). The model dynamics are combined with GIS held “base maps” to produce time series of maps, so called “Dynamic Maps”. Base maps combine spatial features which are locally important for the dynamic process and are used to either modify or even form the dynamics. Different types of models need different types of GIS-held base maps and are adequate for different types of problems. This paper is based on a number of actual applications of one of these combinations; an overview is provided on potential applications of the whole new approach.