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Induktivität, Widerstand und Eigenkraft der Tauchspule elektrodynamischer Lautsprecher

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Übersicht

Die Tauchspule eines elektrodynamischen Lautsprechers erregt beim Durchgang des Sprechstromes ein dem zeitfreien Primärfeld des Magneten überlagertes, zeitabhängiges elektromagnetisches Eigenfeld. Seine Struktur wird für ein einfaches Modell der Polschuhe nach Maßgabe ihrer Abmessungen und ihrer Materialeigenschaften berechnet, und die hieraus resultierenden Werte für die Induktivität der Spule, die Wirbelstromverluste im Eisen und die an ihr angreifende Eigenkraft werden durch Formeln und Kurven dargestellt. Die berechnete Induktivität der Spule stimmt mit Meßresultaten gut überein. Dagegen übertrifft der beobachtete Verlustwiderstand seinen theoretisch zu erwartenden Wert im Bereich hoher Tonfrequenzen beträchtlich; diese Diskrepanz ist vermutlich auf den Skineffekt des Spulendrahtes zurückzuführen.

Contents

The electric current flowing through the plunging coil of an electrodynamic loudspeaker excites an electromagnetic “Secondary” field which is superimposed upon the “Primary” field of the loudspeakers permanent magnet. Using a simplified model of the coil and its surroundings the time-depending component of the resulting field is investigated. The field equations both in the air gap and in the adjacent pole-shoes are integrated assuming an harmonic oscillation of the exciting current, and the resulting complex resistance of the coil is calculated containing its inductivity as well as its resistance. It is shown, that in addition to the force acting upon the coil on account of the primary field an “eigenforce” of the coil upon itself will appear, and its functional connection with the so called free magnetic energy of the air gap is demonstrated. The numerical results of the theory are compared with measurements performed by McLachlan. Whereas the computed inductivity is very close to its measured value, the observed resistance is in the region of high frequencies remarkably larger than the value to be expected. Obvionsly, this difference is caused by the skin effect inside the wires of the coil, which is not included in the computation.

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Ollendorff, F. Induktivität, Widerstand und Eigenkraft der Tauchspule elektrodynamischer Lautsprecher. Archiv f. Elektrotechnik 58, 151–159 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01579716

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01579716

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