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An approximated approach to the study of motor vehicle suspensions with nonlinear shock absorbers

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Sommario

E' noto che gli ammortizzatori usati nelle sospensioni degli autoveicoli hanno un comportamento che non è né lineare né simmetrico. Normalmente, nello studio di prima approssimazione del comportamento dinamico degli autoveicoli, tali caratteristiche vengono trascurate, allo scopo di ottenere semplici soluzioni approssimate, ma in forma chiusa. Solamente quando si ricorre all'integrazione numerica delle equazioni del moto il comportamento dell'ammortizzatore viene simulato in modo più completo. Nel presente lavoro viene proposto un procedimento di calcolo che permette di tenere conto, in via approssimata, sia delle nonlinearità che dell'asimmetria del comportamento degli ammortizzatori. Esso permette di estendere il campo di applicazione delle usuali procedure di calcolo semplificate ai casi in cui siano presenti asimmetrie di comportamento, attrito secco ed altri fenomeni che introducono comportamenti diversi da quello che si avrebbe con smorzamento viscoso lineare. Si ottiene così una conferma dell'applicabilità dei modelli linearizzati al calcolo dell'ampiezza delle oscillazioni della massa sospesa (ed anche di quella delle masse non sospese), anche nel caso in cui siano presenti notevoli asimmetrie di comportamento degli ammortizzatori.

Summary

It is well known that most shock absorbers used in the motor vehicle industry are neither linear nor symmetrical. Usually the complex behaviour of these elements is neglected when the study of the dynamic behaviour of vehicles is performed using simplified models in order to get closed form solutions. Only when resorting to numerical simulations shock absorbers are modeled in more realistic ways. A simple computation procedure which allows to take into account in an approximate way both nonsymmetry and nonlinearity is here proposed. It allows to extend the scope of the usual simplified models to the study of such effects as nonsymmetry, dry friction and other phenomena often encountered. A result here obtained is the confirmation that linearized models can be used to compute the amplitude of the oscillation of the sprung mass (and of the unsprung masses as well) even in the case of very marked nonsymmetry of the behaviour of shock absorbers.

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Abbreviations

a :

acceleration

c :

linear damping coefficient

h(x) :

road profile

k :

stiffness

m :

mass

T :

period

Z :

force on the ground

λ:

circular frequency

λ n :

natural frequency

ϕ :

phase angle

u :

unsprung mass

s :

sprung mass

t :

tire

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Genta, G., Campanile, P. An approximated approach to the study of motor vehicle suspensions with nonlinear shock absorbers. Meccanica 24, 47–57 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01576003

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01576003

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