Summary
Single and multiple antibiotic-resistant strains were isolated from four insecticidal and two noninsecticidal parent strains ofBacillus sphaericus. Several of the single resistant strains isolated were also cross-resistant to several antibiotics of different modes of action. All of the parent strains were naturally susceptible to 11 and naturally resistant to two out of 22 antimicrobics examined. The majority, 17 out of 23, of antibiotic-resistant strains, that were isolated from the insecticidal parent strains, retained their insecticidal activity while the noninsecticidal strains remained noninsecticidal. Among the isolates were several strains that would be potentially useful as marker strains in the genetic manipulation of the insecticidal strains.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abe, K., R.M. Faust and W.C. Bulla. 1983. Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid in strains ofBacillus sphaericus and inBacillus moritai. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 41: 328–335.
Aronson, A.I., W. Beckman and P. Dunn. 1986.Bacillus thuringiensis and related insect pathogens. Microbiol. Rev. 50: 1–24.
Barry, A.L. 1976. The Antimicrobic Susceptibility Test: Principles and Practices, p. 236, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.
Baumann, P., B.M. Unterman, L. Baumann, A.H. Groadwell, S.J. Abbene and R.D. Bowditch. 1985. Purification of the larvicidal toxin ofBacillus sphaericus and evidence for high-molecular-weight precursors. J. Bacteriol. 163: 738–747.
Bourgouin, C.M., R. Tinelli, J.P. Bouvet and R. Pires. 1984.Bacillus sphaericus: 1593–4, purification of fractions toxic for mosquito larvae. FEMS Symp. 24: 387–388.
Burke, F.W., Jr. and K.O. McDonald. 1983. Naturally occurring antibiotic resistance inBacillus sphaericus andB. licheniformis. Curr. Microbiol. 9: 69–72.
Davidson, E.W. 1981. Bacterial diseases of insects caused by toxin-producing bacilli other thanBacillus thuringiensis. In: Pathogenesis of Invertebrate Microbial Diseases (Davidson, E.W., ed.), pp. 269–291, A-lanheld, Osmun, Totowa, New Jersey.
Davidson, E.W. 1982. Purification and properties of soluble cytoplasmic toxin from the mosquito pathogenBacillus sphaericus strain 1593. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 39: 6–9.
Davidson, E.W. 1984. Microbiology, pathology and genetics ofBacillus sphaericus: Biological aspects which are important to field use. Mosq. News 44: 147–152.
Finegold, S.M., W.J. Martin and E.G. Scott. 1978. Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology, 404 p., The C.V. Mosby Company, St. Louis.
Ganesan, S., H. Kamdar, K. Jayaraman and J. Szulmajster. 1983. Cloning and expression inEscherichia coli of a DNA fragment fromBacillus sphaericus coding for biocidal activity against mosquito larvae. Mol. Gen. Genet. 189: 181–183.
Goldberg, H.S. 1959. Antibiotics, 608 p., D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., New York.
Hammond, S.M. and P.A. Lambert. 1978. Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Action, 63 p., The Camelot Press, Ltd., Southampton.
Hertlein, B.C., R. Levy and T.W. Miller, Jr. 1979. Recycling potential and selective retrieval ofBacillus sphaericus from soil in a mosquito habitat. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 33: 217–221.
Jawetz, E., J.L. Melnick and E.A. Adelberg. 1982. Review of Medical Microbiology, 553 p., Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, California.
Krych, V.K., J.L. Johnson and A.A. Yousten. 1980. Deoxyribonucleic acid homologies among strains ofBacillus sphaericus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30: 476–484.
Lacey, L.A. and A.H. Undeen. 1986. Microbial control of black flies and mosquitoes. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 31: 265–296.
Lorian, V. 1980. Effects of subminimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on bacteria. In: Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine (Lorian, V., ed.), pp. 342–408, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.
McDonald, K.O. and W.F. Burke, Jr. 1984. Plasmid transformation ofBacillus sphaericus 1593. J. Gen. Microbiol. 130: 203–208.
National Committee on Clinical Laboratory Standards. 1975. Performance standards for antimicrobial disc susceptibility tests. Approved Standard ASM 2, Villanova, Pennsylvania.
Singer, S. 1980.Bacillus sphaericus for the control of mosquitoes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 22: 1335–1355.
Singer, S. 1982. The biotechnology for strains ofBacillus sphaericus with vector control potential. In: Proceedings IIIrd International Colloquium on Invertebrate Pathology, University of Sussex, Brighton, U.K., pp. 485–489, Society for Invertebrate Pathology.
Singer, S. 1985.Bacillus sphaericus (Bacteria). In: Biological Control of Mosquitoes (Chapman, H.C., ed.), pp. 123–131, American Mosquito Control Association, Fresno.
Singer, S. 1986. Current status of the microbial larvicideBacillus sphaericus. In: Biotechnology Advances in Insect Pathology and Cell Culture (Maramorosch, K., ed.), Academic Press, New York, in the press.
Szybalski, W. and V. Bryson. 1952. Genetic studies on microbial cross resistance to toxic agents. J. Bacteriol. 64: 489–499.
WHO. 1985. Information consultation on the development ofBacillus sphaericus as a microbial larvicide, 24 p., TDR/BCV/SPHAERICUS/85.3. (Mimeo, doc.).
Yousten, A.A. 1984.Bacillus sphaericus: Microbiological factors related to its potential as a mosquito larvicide. Adv. Biotechnol. Processes 3: 315–343.
Yousten, A.A. 1984. Bacteriophage typing of mosquito pathogenic strains ofBacillus sphaericus. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 43: 124–125.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yurks, M.A., Singer, S. Isolation and description of antimicrobic-resistant (marker) strains of select insecticidal and noninsecticidal varieties ofBacillus sphaericus . Journal of Industrial Microbiology 1, 245–250 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01569278
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01569278