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Bases anatomiques de la mémoire

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Résumé

Les données cliniques et anatomo-pathologiques ont permis de suggérer le rôle du circuit hippocampo-mamillo-thalamique dans certains processus mnésiques. Récemment des critiques ont été apportées mettant en cause le rôle même de ce circuit et impliquant d'autres formations: hile du lobe temporal; noyau médio-dorsal du thalamus, amygdale. L'étude des relations anatomiques précises du circuit hippocampo-mamillo-thalamique permet de montrer l'importance dans le circuit lui-même de certaines formations comme le subiculum et l'aire entorhinale. Par ailleurs, ce circuit s'intègre totalement au sein du système limbique au sens large, tel que l'a défini Nauta (1961) et par là à des structures comme l'amygdale, le noyau médio-dorsal du thalamus, le cortex orbito-frontal, le septum et la réticulée mésencéphalique.

Mais au sein même de ce système limbique, il semble exister une spécificité de relation des éléments en rapport avec le circuit hippocampo-mamillo-thalamique.

Enfin, le circuit HMT ne peut pas se concevoir comme restreint au système limbique. Il est en relation étroite avec l'ensemble du cortex et particulièrement avec le cortex frontal, ce que rappellent les désordres mnésiques entraînés par les lésions de cette région.

Le circuit HMT n'est donc pas la mémoire mais reste un modèle et un point de départ utile sinon indispensable dans son étude.

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  1. Laboratoire d'Anatomie, U.E.R. Biomédicale des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, F-75270, Paris Cedex 06, France

    Vincent Meininger & Michel Baulac

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Meininger, V., Baulac, M. Bases anatomiques de la mémoire. Anat. Clin 2, 275–282 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01557991

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