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The effect of the natural climate of the sahara and controlled climate on the rectal temperature and cardiorespiratory activities of friesian cattle and water buffaloes

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Abstract

Respiration rate increased significantly in Friesians and insignificantly in Buffaloes with rise in ambient temperature from winter (19.9°C, 37% RH) to spring (29.3°C, 24% RH). It rose even more pronouncedly and significantly in summer (31.0°C, 42% RH) in both species. Pulse rate and rectal temperature did not change significantly from winter to spring, while in summer they increased significantly in both species. Similar results were obtained with similar rise in ambient temperature in controlled climates (19.8°C, 38% RH; 29.0°C, 50% RH; 42.0°C, 50% RH). Solar radiation (412 Langley) was found to accentuate the effect of heat with water deprivation (27.6° to 32.2°C, 61% – 41% RH) on the three measurements. Buffaloes showed lower average respiration rate, pulse rate and rectal temperature than Friesians in the three experiments. The per cent increase in respiration rate with temperature rise from 19.8° to 29.0°C in controlled or natural climate was greater in Friesians than Buffaloes. The reverse was true at 42.0°C in controlled climate or at 27.6° to 32.2°C with solar radiation and water deprivation, which partially resulted in a greater elevation of rectal temperature in Friesians than Buffaloes. Friesians critical temperature was shifted about 5°C higher than the breed average due to acclimatization in the hot desert. Buffaloes endured solar radiation with heat and water deprivation better than Friesians.

Zusammenfassung

Die Atemfrequenz von friesischen Rindern und Wasserbüffeln nahm beim Anstieg der Lufttemperatur von Winter (19.9°C, 37% RF) zum Frühling (29.3°C, 24% RF) zu und zeigte einen noch deutlicheren Anstieg im Sommer (31.0°C, 42% RF). Die Pulsfrequenz und die Rektaltemperatur änderten sich zwischen Winter und Frühling nicht signifikant, dagegen waren sie bei beiden Tierarten im Sommer signifikant erhöht. Ähnliche Befunde wurden bei einem simulierten Anstieg der Temperatur in künstlichen Klimaten erhoben. Sonnenstrahlung (412 Langley) verstärkte den Einfluss der Hitze mit Wasserentzug (27.6°–32.2°C, 61-41% RF) auf die 3 untersuchten Funktionen. Wasserbüffel hatten eine niedrigere mittlere Atemfrequenz, Pulsfrequenz und Rektaltemperatur. Der prozentuale Anstieg der Atemfrequenz bei Anstieg der Temperatur von 19.8°C auf 29.0°C im künstlichen und natürlichen Klima war bei den Rindern grösser als bei den Wasserbüffeln. Dagegen war die Reaktion umgekehrt bei 42.0°C im künstlichen Klima oder zwischen 27.6° und 32.2°C mit Sonnenstrahlung und Wasserentzug. Unter diesen Bedingungen zeigten die friesischen Rinder teilweise eine höhere Rektaltemperatur. Ihre kritische Temperatur war ungefähr 5°C über dem Mittelwert bei dieser Rasse als Folge der Akklimatisation an das Wüstenklima. Wasserbüffel ertrugen Sonnenstrahlung mit Hitze und Wasserentzug besser als die Rinder.

Resume

En passant de l'hiver (19,9°C et 37% hr) au printemps (29,3°C et 24% hr), l'activité respiratoire augmente de façon significative chez les bovins de race frisonne et de façon non significative chez les buffles. L'augmentation est encore plus marquée — et ici de façon significative pour les deux races — en passant à l'éte (31.0°C et 42% hr). Le nombre des pulsations et la température rectale n'ont guère changé entre l'hiver et le printemps. Ils ont par contre augmenté en été et cela pour les deux races. Des résultats analogues et de même importance furent obtenus en atmosphère contrôlée (19,8°C et 38% hr, 29,0°C et 50% hr, 42,0°C et 50% hr). Le rayonnement solaire (412 Langleys) accentue les effets de la chaleur et du manque d'eau et cela pour les trois fonctions observées (passage de 27,6° à 32,2°C et de 61% à 41%). Les buffles ont eu une moins forte respiration, moins de pulsations et une température rectale plus basse que les frisonnes et cela dans les 3 cas. Le taux d'augmentation de l'activité respiratoire parallèlement à l'augmentation de température de 19,8°C à 29,0°C en atmosphère contrôlée ou dans la nature a été plus importante chez les frisonnes que chez les buffles. On a observé le contraire à 42,0°C ou en passant de 27,6° à 32,2°C avec rayonnement solaire et privation d'eau. Ceci est dû en partie à une plus forte augmentation de la température rectale chez les frisonnes que chez les buffles. La température critique des vaches frisonnes dont il est fait mention ici est d'environ 5° supérieure à la moyenne de la race en raison de leur adaptation au climat désertique. Les buffles ont mieux supporté le rayonnement solaire accompagné de chaud et de manque d'eau que les frisonnes.

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Kamal, T.H., Ibrahim, I.I. The effect of the natural climate of the sahara and controlled climate on the rectal temperature and cardiorespiratory activities of friesian cattle and water buffaloes. Int J Biometeorol 13, 275–285 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01553035

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