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Neuropathie diabetique avec atteinte severe du systeme autonome

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Riassunto

La neuropatia diabetica può manifestarsi in vari modi, dalle turbe sensoriali e motorie dei nervi periferici al danno più o meno elettivo del sistema autonomo.

Gli AA. descrivono il caso di un paziente di 31 anni, diabetico dall'età di 19 anni, con danno del sistema autonomo. La gravità di questa complicanza è data dalla presenza di un'ipotensione ortostatica, da diarrea notturna, da disturbi vescicali e da impotenza sessuale. Le prove biologiche sono caratterizzate da una mancata risposta adrenergica all'ipoglicemia provocata. Lo studio istologico mostra la presenza di una sclerosi vascolare dei nervi periferici e del plesso celiaco, indicante un possibile ruolo angiopatico nella patogenesi di questa neuropatia.

Resume

La neuropathie diabétique peut se manifester de plusieurs manières allant de troubles sensitifs et moteurs des nerfs périphériques à l'atteinte plus ou moins élective du système autonome.

Nous avons exposé le cas d'un patient de 31 ans, diabétique depuis 19 ans, avec atteinte sévère du système autonome. La gravité de cette complication est signée par une hypotension orthostatique invalidisante, des diarrhées nocturnes, une parésie vésicale et une impuissance sexuelle. Les épreuves biologiques sont caractérisées par une non-réponse adrénergique à l'hypoglycémie induite. L'étude histologique montre la présence d'une sclérose vasculaire des nerfs périphériques et du plexus coeliaque indiquant un rôle angiopathique probable dans la pathogénèse de cette neuropathie.

Resumen

La neuropatía diabética puede manifestarse de distintas maneras, que pueden ser representadas por disturbios sensitivos y motores de los nervios periféricos, hasta un ataque más o menos electivo del sistema autónomo.

Hemos expuesto el caso de un paciente de 31 años, diabético desde hace 19 años, con ataque severo del sistema autónomo. La gravedad de esta complicación estaba representada por hipotensión ortostática que producía invalidez, diarreas nocturnas, paresis de la vejiga e impotencia sexual. Las pruebas biológicas están caracterizadas por una no-respuesta adrenérgica a la hipoglucemia inducida. El estudio histológico muestra la presencia de una esclerosis vascular de los nervios periféricos y del plexo celíaco, lo que parece indicar que exista probablemente una causa engiopática en la patogénesis de esta neuropatía.

Zusammenfassung

Die diabetische Neuropathie kann zu verschiedenen Erscheinungsbildern führen, wobei Sensibilitäts-und Motilitätsstörungen im Bereich des peripherischen Nervensystems oder mehr oder weniger spezifische Störungen des autonomen Nervensystems vorherrschen.

Die AA. berichten über den Fall eines 31-jährigen Patienten, der seit seinem 19. Lebensjahr an Diabetes litt, mit Schädigungen des autonomen Nervensystems. Die Schwere dieser Komplikation ist durch eine hochgradige orthostatische Hypotension, nächtlichen Durchfall, Harnblasenparese sowie Impotenz gekennzeichnet. Die biologischen Proben weisen vor allem das Fehlen einer adrenergischen Antwort auf die induzierte Hypoglykämie auf. Die histologische Untersuchung zeigt das Vorhandensein einer Gefässklerose im Bereich der peripherischen Nerven undplexus coeliacus, wobei auf die wahrscheinliche angiopathische Rolle in der Pathogenese dieser Neuropathie hingewiesen wird.

Summary

Diabetic neuropathy may manifest itself in several ways ranging from sensory and motor disturbances of peripheral nerves to a more or less elective damage of the autonomic nervous system.

We reported the case of a 31-year old patient, suffering from diabetes since the age of 19 years, with a severe damage of the autonomic system. The severity of this complication is marked by a disabling orthostatic hypotension, nocturnal diarrhoea, vesical paresis and sexual impotence. The biological tests are characterized by an adrenergic non-response to the induced hypoglycaemia. The histologic study shows the presence of a vascular sclerosis of peripheral nerves and the coeliac plexus, which indicates a possible angiopathic role in the pathogenesis of this neuropathy.

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Gradinger, H., Zahnd, G.R. Neuropathie diabetique avec atteinte severe du systeme autonome. Acta diabet. lat 4, 557–571 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01544099

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