Abstract
This paper represents a review of substantive theoretical, methodological, and statistical issues relevant to conducting research on human sexual behavior. Guidelines for maintaining rigor and precision in future investigations are also proposed. So as to be able to address issues that pervade all research on human sexual behavior, six topic areas are discussed: theory-related issues, issues involving research design, issues involving subject selection, measurement issues, data-analytic issues, and issues concerned with human-subject protection. The ultimate objective of this paper is to make suggestions aimed at improving the quality of research on human sexual behavior.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abramson, P. R. (1973). The relationship of the frequency of masturbation to several aspects of personality and behavior.J. Sex Res. 9: 132–142.
Abramson, P. R. (1977). Ethical requirements for research on human sexual behavior.J. Social Issues 33: 184–192.
Abramson, P. R. (1982).The sexual system: A theory of human sexual behavior. Academic Press, New York. Forthcoming.
Abramson, P. R., and Handschumacher, I. W. (1978a). The Mosher Sex Guilt scale and and the college population: A methodological note.J. Pers. Assess. 42: 592–596.
Abramson, P. R., and Handschumacher, I. W. (1978b). Experimenter effects on responses to double-entendre words: Some additional considerations for sex research.J. Pers. Assess. In press.
Abramson, P. R., and Mosher, D. L. (1975). The development of a measure of negative attitudes toward masturbation.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 43: 485–490.
Abramson, P. R., and Mosher, D. L. (1979). An empirical investigation of experimentally induced masturbatory fantasies.Arch. Sex. Behav. 8: 27–39.
Abramson, P. R., Perry, L. B., Rothblatt, A., Seeley, T. T., and Seeley, D. M. (1981). Negative attitudes toward masturbation and pelvic vasocongestion: A thermographic analysis.J. Res. Pers. (in press). (a)
Abramson, P. R., Perry, L. B., Seeley, T. T., Seeley, D. M., and Rothblatt, A. (1981). Thermographic measurement of sexual arousal: A discriminant validity analysis.Arch. Sex. Behav. (in press). (b)
Abramson, P. R., Goldberg, P. A., Mosher, D. L., Abramson, L. M., and Gottesdiener, M. (1975). Experimenter effects on responses to explicitly sexual stimuli.J. Res. Pers. 9: 126–146.
Abramson, P. R., Repczynski, C. A., and Merrill, L. R. (1976). The menstrual cycle and response to erotic literature.J. Consult. and Clin. Psychol. 44: 1018–1019.
Abramson, P. R., Michalak, P., and Alling, C. (1977a). Perception of parental sex guilt and the sexual behavior and arousal of college students.Percept. Motor Skills 45: 337–338.
Abramson, P. R., Mosher, D. L., Abramson, L. M., and Woychowski, B. (1977b). Personality correlates of the Mosher Guilt scale.J. Pers. Assess. 41: 375–382.
American Psychological Association. (1966).Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests and Manuals. APA, Washington, D.C.
Bakaitis, R. F. and Abramson, P. R. (1981). Cognitive control processes, sex guilt, and memory for erotic prose. Under editorial review.
Baker, W. J., and Perlman, D. (1975). Volunteer bias and personality traits in sexual standards research.Arch. Sex. Behav. 4: 161–171.
Bancroft, J. (1978). Sexual dysfunction research. In Green, R., and Wiener, J. (eds.),Methodology in Sex Research U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Barlow, D. H. (1978). Assessment of sexual behavior. In Ciminero, R. A., Calhoun, K. S., and Adams, H. E. (eds.),Handbook of Behavioral Assessment Wiley, New York.
Bates, J. E., and Bentler, P. M. (1973). Play activities of normal and effeminate boys.Dev. Psychol. 9: 20–27.
Bates, J. E., and Bentler, P. M. (1976). Games inventory. In Johnson, O. G. (ed.),Tests and Measurements in Child Development: Handbook II, Volume I, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp. 611–612.
Bates, J. E., Bentler, P. M., and Thompson, S. K. (1973). Measurement of deviant gender development in boys.Child Dev. 44: 591–598.
Bates, J. E., Bentler, P. M., and Thompson, S. K. (1979). Gender-deviant boys compared with normal and clinical control boys.J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 7: 243–259.
Bates, J. E., Skilbeck, W. M., Smith, K. V. R., and Bentler, P. M. (1974). Gender role abnormalities in boys: An analysis of clinical ratings.J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 2: 1–16.
Bates, J. E., Skilbeck, W. M., Smith, K. V. R., and Bentler, P. M. (1975). Intervention with families of gender disturbed boys.Amer. J. Orthopsychiat. 45: 150–157.
Bates, J. E., Skilbeck, W. M., Smith, K., and Bentler, P. M. (1976). Gender problem rating scale. In Johnson, O. G. (ed.),Tests and Measurements in Child Development: Handbook II, Volume 1, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp. 491–492.
Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 42: 155–162.
Bentler, P. M. (1968a). Heterosexual behavior assessment—I. Males.Behav. Res. Ther. 6: 21–25.
Bentler, P. M. (1968b). Heterosexual behavior assessment—II. Females.Behav. Res. Ther. 6: 27–30.
Bentler, P. M. (1968c). A note on the treatment of adolescent sex problems.J. Child Psychol. Psychiat. 9: 125–129.
Bentler, P. M. (1972a). A lower-bound method for the dimension-free measurement of internal consistency.Soc. Sci. Res. 1: 343–357.
Bentler, P. M. (1972b). Read this book: Review of Menachem Amir'sPatterns in Forcible Rape.Contemp. Psycho. 17: 429–430.
Bentler, P. M. (1973). An analysis of responses to adjectives: A reply to Samelson.Psychol. Bull. 80: 133–134.
Bentler, P. M. (1976a). A typology of transsexualism: Gender identity theory and data.Arch. Sex. Behav. 5: 567–584.
Bentler, P. M. (1976b). Multistructure statistical model applied to factor analysis.Multivar. Behav. Res. 11: 3–25.
Bentler, P. M. (1976c). Review of A. E. Slaby & L. R. Tancredi (Eds.),Collusion for conformity.Contemp. Psychoanal. 21: 796–798.
Bentler, P. M. (1978a). Review of R. Green,Sexual Identity Conflict in Children and Adults and T. Kando,Sex Change: The Achievement of Gender Identity Among Feminized Transsexuals.Sex Roles 4: 461–464.
Bentler, P. M. (1978b). Review of D. H. Feinbloom,Transvestites and Transsexuals.Contemp. Psycho. 23: 530–531.
Bentler, P. M. (1978c). The interdependence of theory, methodology, and empirical data: Causal modeling as an approach to construct validation. In Kandel, D. (ed.),Longitudinal Research on Drug Use Wiley, New York.
Bentler, P. M. (1980). Multivariate analysis with latent variables: Causal modeling.Ann. Rev. Psychol. 31: 419–456.
Bentler, P. M., and Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.Psychol. Bull. 88: 588–606.
Bentler, P. M., and LaVoie, A. (1972a). An extension of semantic space.J. Verbal Learn. Verbal Behav. 11: 174–182.
Bentler, P. M., and LaVoie, A. (1972b). A nonverbal semantic differential.J. Verbal Learn. Verbal Behav. 11: 491–496.
Bentler, P. M., and LaVoie, A. L. (1976). Nonverbal semantic differential. In Johnson, O. G. (ed.),Tests and Measurement in Child Development: Handbook II, Volume 2, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp. 1265–1266.
Bentler, P. M., and Lee, S. Y. (1978). Statistical aspects of a three-mode factor analysis model.Psychometrika. 43: 343–352.
Bentler, P. M., and Newcomb, M. D. (1978). Longitudinal study of marital success and failure.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 46: 1053–1070.
Bentler, P. M., and Peeler, W. (1979). Models of female orgasm.Arch. Sex. Behav. 8: 405–423.
Bentler, P. M., and Prince, C. (1969). Personality characteristics of male transvestites: III.J. Abnorm. Psychol. 74: 140–143.
Bentler, P. M., and Prince, C. (1970). Psychiatric symptomatology in transvestites.J. Clin. Psychol. 26: 434–435.
Bentler, P. M., Rekers, G. A., and Rosen, A. C. (1979). Congruence of childhood sex-role identity and behaviour disturbances.Child 5: 267–283.
Bentler, P. M., and Speckart, G. (1979). Models of attitude-behavior relations.Psychol. Rev. 86: 452–464.
Bentler, P. M., and Speckart, G. (1981). Attitudes “cause” behaviors: A structural equation analysis.J. Pers. Soc. psychol. 40: 226–238.
Bentler, P. M., and Weeks, D. G. (1978). Restricted multidimensional scaling models.J. Math. Psychol. 17: 138–151.
Bentler, P. M., and Weeks, D. G. (1979). Interrelations among models for the analysis of moment structures.Mult. Beh. Res. 14: 169–185.
Bentler, P. M., and Weeks, D. G. (1980). Linear structural equations with latent variables.Psychometrika 45: 289–308.
Bentler, P. M., and Woodward J. A. (1978a). Inequalities among lower bounds to reliability: With application to test construct and factor analysis.Psychometrika 45: 249–267.
Bentler, P. M., and Woodward, J. A. (1978). A Head Start reevaluation: Positive effects are not yet demonstrable.Eval. Quart. 2: 493–510.
Bentler, P. M., and Woodward, J. A. (1979). Regression on linear composites: Statistical theory and application. Under editorial review.
Bentler, P. M., Shearman, R. W., and Prince, C. (1970). Personality characteristics of male transvestites.J. Clin. Psychol. 26: 287–291.
Bentler, P. M., Jackson, D. N., and Messick, S. (1971). Identification of content and style: A two-dimensional interpretation of acquiescence.Psychol. Bull. 76: 186–204.
Bentler, P. M., Jackson, D. N., and Messick, S. (1972). A rose by any other name.Psychol. Bull. 77: 109–113.
Bentler,m P. M., Lettieri, D. J., and Austin, G. (eds.) (1976).Data Analysis Strategies and Designs for Substance Abuse Research. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Bishop, Y. M. M., Fienberg, S. E., and Holland, P. W. (1975).Discrete Multivariate Analysis: Theory and Practice. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Bohn, B. A., and Abramson, P. R. (19078). Human sexual ethics: A cognitive social learning theory. Paper presented at the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago.
Bonjean, C. M., Hill, R. J., and McLemore, S. D. (eds.).Sociological Measurement. Chandler, San Francisco.
Boxley, R. (1981). Discussion. In Green, R., and Wiener, J. (eds.),Methodology in Sex Research U. S. Government Printing office, Washington, D.C.
Brownell, K. D., Hayes, S. C., and Barlow, D. H. (1977). Patterns of appropriate and deviant sexual arousal: The behavioral treatment of multiple sexual deviations.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 45: 1144–1155.
Brownmiller, S. (1975).Against our will: Men, women and rape. Simon and Schuster, New York.
Buros, O. K. (1972).The Seventh Mental Measurements Yearbook. The Gryphon Press, Highland Park, N.J.
Byrne, D. (1977). Social psychology and the study of sexual behavior.Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 3: 3–30.
Byrne, D., and Sheffield, J. (1965). Responses to sexually arousing stimuli as a function of repressing and sensitizing defenses.J. Abnorm. Psychol. 70: 114–118.
Byrne, D., Cherry, F., Lamberth, J., and Mitchell, H. E. (1973). Husband-wife similarity in reponse to erotic stimuli.J. Pers. 41: 385–394.
Campbell, D. T., and Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.Psychol. Bull. 56: 81–105.
Campbell, D. T., and Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research on teaching. In Gage, N. L. (ed.),Handbook of Research on Teaching Rand McNally, Chicago, pp. 171–246.
Cochran, W. G., Mosteller, F., and Tukey, J. W. (1954).Statistical problems of the Kinsey Report. American Statistical Association, Washington, D.C.
Collins, B. E., Bentler, P. M., and Esken, V. (1974).Attitudes Toward Women in the Army. U.S. Army Research Institute, Arlington, Va.
Comrey, A. L., Backer, T. E., and Glaser, E. M. (1973).A Sourcebook for Mental Health Measures. Human Interaction Research Institute, Los Angeles.
Cronbach, L. J. (1975). Beyond the two disciplines of scientific psychology.Amer. Psychol. 30: 116–127.
Cronbach, L. J., and Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests.Psychol. Bull. 52: 281–302.
Cronbach, L. J., Gleser, G. C., Nanda, H., and Rajaratnam, N. (1970).The Dependability of Behavioral Measurements. Wiley, New York.
Davidson, P. O., and Costello, C. G. (1969).N = 1: Experimental Studies of Single Cases. Van Nostrand, New York.
Derogatis, I. and Melisaratos, N. (1979). The DSFI: a multidimensional measure of sexual functioning.J. Sex. Mar. Ther. 5: 244–281.
Dukes, W. F. (1965). N = 1.Psychol. Bull. 54: 74–79.
Ellis, L., and Bentler, P. M. (1973). Traditional sex-determined role standards and sexstereotypes.J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 25: 28–34.
Gagnon, J. H., and Simon, W. (1973).Sexual Conduct. Aldine, Chicago.
Geer, J. H. (1975). Direct measurement of genital responding.Amer. Psychol. 30: 415–428.
Geer, J. H. (1980). Measurement of genital arousal in human males and females. In Martin, I. and Venables, P. H. (Eds.),Techniques in Psychophysiology John Wiley, New York.
Golding, S. L. (1975). Flies in the ointment: Methodological problems in the analysis of percent of variance due to persons and situations.Psychol. Bull. 82: 278–288.
Goldzieher, J. W., Moses, L. E., Averkin, E., Scheel, C., and Taber, B. Z. (1971). Nervousness and depression attributed to oral contraceptives: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 111: 1013–1020.
Goodman, L. A. (1974). Exploratory latent structure analysis using both identifiable and unidentifiable models.Biometrika 61: 215–231.
Goodman, L. A. (1975a). A new model for scaling response patterns: An application of the quasi-independence concept.J. Amer. Statist. Ass. 70: 755–768.
Goodman, L. A. (1975b). The relationship between modified and usual multiple-regression approaches to the analysis of dichotomous variables. In Heise, D. R. (ed.),Sociological Methodology, 1976 Jossey-Bass, San Francisco pp. 83–110.
Green, R. (1974).Sexual Identity Conflict in Children and Adults. Penguin, Baltimore.
Green, R. (1975). Boyhood antecedents of adult transsexualism. In Laub, D. R., Gandy, P. (eds.),Proceedings of the Second Interdisciplinary Symposium on Gender Dysphoria Syndrome Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford.
Green, R. (1981). Methodologic problems in research on psychosexual differentiation: A legacy. In Green, R., and Wiener, J. (eds.),Methodology in Sex Research U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Griffitt, W. (1973). Response to erotica and the projection of response to erotica in the opposite sex.J. Exp. Res. Pers. 6: 330–338.
Gurin, P. (1981). Discussion. In Green, R., and Wiener, J. (eds.),Methodology in Sex Research U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Gurland, B. J., and Gurland, R. V. (1981). Methods of research into sex and aging. In Green, R., and Wiener, J. (eds.),Methodology in Sex Research. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Hambleton, R. K., and Cook, L. L. (1977). Latent trait models and their uses in the analysis of educational test data.J. Educ. Meas. 14: 75–96.
Hartnett, J., Mahoney, J., and Bernstein, A. (1977). The errant spouse: A study in person perception.Percept. Motor Skills 45: 747–750.
Hebb, D. O. (1951). The role of neurological ideas in psychology.J. Pers. 20: 39–55.
Heinrich, A. (1976). The effect of group and self-directed behavioral-educational treatment of primary orgasmic dysfunction in females treated without their partners. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Colorado.
Heinrich, A., and Price, S. (1975). Goals for sexual therapy — female. Unpublished manuscript, University of California.
Herbert, J. (1981). Neurobiological concepts and methods in the study of sexual behavior. In Green, R., and Wiener, J. (eds.),Methodology in Sex Research U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Herrell, J. M. (1975). Sex differences in emotional responses to “erotic literature.”J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 43: 921.
Hoon, P. W. (1979). The assessment of sexual arousal in women.Progress in Behavior Modification. 7: 1–61.
Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis.Psychometrika 34: 183–202.
Jöreskog, K. G. (1973). Analysis of covariance structures. In Krishnaiah, P. R. (ed.),Multivariate Analysis III Academic, New York, pp. 263–285.
Jöreskog, K. G. (1977). Structural equation models in the social sciences: Specification, estimation, and testing. In Krishnaiah, P. R. (ed.),Proceedings of the Symposium on Applications of Statistics, North Holland, Amsterdam.
Kaats, G. R., and Davis, K. E. (1971). Effects of volunteer biases in studies of sexual behavior and attitudes.J. Sex Res. 7: 26–34.
Kelley, J. A., and Worrell, J. (1977). New formulations of sex roles and androgyny: A critical review.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 45: 1101–1115.
Kraemer, H. C., Becker, H. B., Brodie, H. K. H., Dering, C. H., Moos, R. H., and Hamburg, D. A. (1976). Orgasmic frequency and plasma testosterone levels in normal human males.Arch. Sex. Behav. 5: 125–132.
LoPiccolo, J. (1981). Methodological issues in research on treatment of sexual dysfunction. In Green, R., and Wiener, J. (eds.),Methodology in Sex Research U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
LoPiccolo, J., and Steger, J. C. (1974). The Sexual Interaction Inventory: A new instrument for assessment of sexual dysfunction.Arch. Sex. Behav. 3: 585–595.
Malamuth, N., Haber, S., and Feshbach, S. (1981). Testing hypotheses regarding rape: Exposure to sexual violence, sex differences, and the “normality” of rapists.J. Res. Pers. (in press).
Malamuth, N., Heim, M., and Feshbach, S. (1981). Sexual responsiveness of college students to rape depictions: inhibitory and disinhibitory effects.J. pers. Soc. Psych. (in press).
Marshall, M. S., and Bentler, P. M. (1976). The effects of deep physical relaxation and low-frequency-alpha brainwaves on alpha subjective reports.Psychophysiology 23: 505–516.
Masters, W., Johnson, V., and Kolodny, R. (1977).Ethical Issues for Sex Therapy and Research. Little, Brown, Boston.
McNemar, Q. (1955).Psychological Statistics. John Wiley, New York.
Money, J. (1980).Love and Love Sickness. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Money, J. and Ehrhardt, A. A. (1972).Man and woman, boy and girl. Johns Hopkins University Press, baltimore.
Mosher, D. L. (1966). The development and multitrait-multimethod matrix analysis of three measures of three aspects of guilt.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 30: 25–29.
Mosher, D. L. (1973). Sex differences, sex experience, sex guilt, and explicitly sexual films.J. Soc. Issues 29: 95–112.
Mosher, D. L., and Abramson, P. R. (1977). Subjective sexual arousal to films of masturbation.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 45: 796–807.
Muthén, B. Structural equation models with dichotomous dependent variables. University of Uppsala. Mimeograph.
Muthén, B. (1977). Contributions to factor analysis of dichotomous variables. University of Uppsala.Psychometrika 45: 551–560.
Muthen, B. (1979). A structural probit model with latent variables.J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 74: 807–811.
Perry, L. B., and Abramson, P. R. (1980). Debriefing: A gratuitous procedure?Am. Psychol. 35: 298–299.
Price, S., and Heinrich, A. (1975). Goals for sexual therapy—male. Unpublished manuscript, University of California.
Prince, V., and Bentler, P. M. (1972). A survey of 504 cases of transvestism.Psychol. Rep. 31: 903–917.
Reiss, I. L., Walsh, R. H., Zey-Ferrell, M., Tolone, W. L., and Pocs, O. (1981). Research on heterosexual relationships. In Green, R., and Wiener, J. (eds.),Methodology in Sex Research U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Rekers, G. (1977). Assessment and treatment of childhood gender problems. In Lahey, B. B., and Kazdin, A. E. (eds.),Advances in Child Clinical Psychology, Volume 1. Plenum, New York.
Rekers, G. A., Amaro-Plotkin, H. D., and Law, B. P. (1977a). Sex-typed mannerisms in normal boys and girls as a function of sex and age.Child Dev. 48: 275–278.
Rekers, G. A., Bentler, P. M., Rosen, A. C., and Lovaas, O. I. (1977b). Child gender disturbances: A clinical rationale for intervention.Psychother. Theory, Res. Pract. 14: 2–11.
Rekers, G. A., Crandall, B. F., Rosen, A. C., and Bentler, P. M. (1979). Genetic and physical studies of male children with psychological gender disturbances.Psychol. Med. 9: 373–375.
Rekers, G. A., Rosen, A. C., Lovaas, O. I., and Bentler, P. M. (1978). Sex-role stereotypy and professional intervention for childhood gender disturbance.Prof. Psychol. 9: 127–136.
Rekers, G. A., and Yates, C. E. (1976). Sex-typed play in feminoid boys versus normal boys and girls.J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 4: 1–8.
Reynolds, B. S. (1977). Psychological treatment models and outcome results for erectile dysfunction: A critical review.Psychol Bull. 84: 1218–1238.
Robinson, J. P., Athanasiou, R., and Head, K. B. (1969).Measures of Occupational Attitudes and Occupational Characteristics. Survey Research Center, Ann Arbor.
Rosen, A. C., Rekers, G. A., and Bentler, P. M. (1978). Ethical issues in the treatment of children.J. Soc. Issues. In press.
Rosen, R. C., and Keefe, F. J. (1978). The measurement of human penile tumescence.Psychophysiology. 15: 366–376.
Rubin, R. T. (1977). Strategies of neuroendocrine research in psychiatry. In Usdin, E., Bauchas, J., and Hamburg, D. (eds.),Neuroregulators and Psychiatric Disorders. Oxford Press, New York.
Rubin, R. T., and Poland, R. E. (1976). Synchronies between sleep and endocrine rhythms in man and their statistical evaluation.Psychoneuroendocrinology 1: 281–290.
Saghir, M. (1981). Homosexuality. In Green, R., and Wiener, J. (eds.),Methodology in Sex Research U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Savell, J. M., Woelfel, J. C., Collins, B. E., and Bentler, P. M. (1979). A study of male and female soldiers' beliefs about the “appropriateness” of various jobs for women in the Army.Sex Roles 5: 41–50.
Schwartz, P. (1981). The scientific study of rape. In Green, R., and Wiener, J. (eds.),Methodology in Sex Research U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Seeley, T. T., Abramson, P. R., Perry, L. B., Rothblatt, and Seeley, D. M. (1980). Thermographic measuement of sexual arousal: A methodological note.Arch. Sex. Behav. 9: 77–85.
Shaw, M. E., and Wright, J. M. (1967).Scales for Measurement of Attitudes McGraw-Hill, New York.
Skilbeck, W. M., Bates, J. E., and Bentler, P. M. (1975). Human figure drawings of genderproblem and school-problem boys.J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 3: 191–199.
Sörbom, D. (1974). A general method for studying differences in factor means and factor structure between groups.Brit. J. Math. Statist. Psychol. 27: 229–239.
Sörbom, D. (1976). A statistical model for the analysis of covariance with fallible covariates. University of Uppsala. Mimeograph.
Thompson, S. K., and Bentler, P. M. (1971). The priority of cues in sex discrimination by children and adults.Dev. Psychol. 5: 181–185.
Thompson, S. K., and Bentler, P. M. (1973). A developmental study of gender constancy and parent preference.Arch. Sex. Behav. 2: 379–385.
Weeks, D., and bentler, P. M. (1979). A comparison of linear and monotone multidimensional scaling models.Psychol. bull. 86: 349–354.
Wingard, J. A., Huba, G. J., and bentler, P. M. (1979). The relationship of personality structure to patterns of adolescent substance use.Multivar. behav. Res. 14: 131–143.
Woodward, J. A., and Bentler, P. M. (1978). A statistical lower-bound to population reliability.Psychol. Bull. 85: 1323–1326.
Zuckerman, M. (1971). Physiological measures of sexual arousal in the human.Psychol. Bull. 75: 197–329.
Zuckerman, M., Tushup, R., and Finner, S. (1976). Sexual attitudes and experience: Attitude and personality correlates and changes produced by a course in sexuality.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 44: 7–19.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Invited paper, Conference on Methodology in Sex Research, Washington, D.C., November 8–19, 1977. This investigation was supported in part by a Research Scientist Development Award (KO2-DA00017), Biomedical Research Support Grant from University of California, Los Angeles, and research grant DA1070 from the U.S. Public Health Service. The assistance of Bonnie Barron is gratefully acknowledged.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bentler, P.M., Abramson, P.R. The science of sex research: Some methodological considerations. Arch Sex Behav 10, 225–251 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01543077
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01543077