Abstract
The sexual arousal profile of a subgroup of rapists with a history of low-level physical violence during their offenses was assessed. Twenty subjects participated: 10 rapists and 10 nonrapists. Stimuli consisted of audiotapes with the following five thematic contents: mutually consenting sexual activities; rape involving physical violence; rape involving humiliation; physical aggression without sexual activities; neutral. Penile responses were recorded during stimuli presentation using a mercury-in-rubber strain gauge. Data showed no differences between both groups for the rape stimuli involving physical violence. For the rape stimuli involving humiliation, however, the penile responses of the two groups differed. With those stimuli the average penile response of the rapists was higher than that of the nonrapists. Therefore, for this subgroup of rapists the association between sexual activities and humiliation presents a higher erotic value than the association between sexual activities and physical violence. Implication of these results as to the discriminant validity and classificatory accuracy of phallometry in rapists is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abel, G. G., Barlow, D. H., Blanchard, E. B., and Guild, D. (1977). The components of rapists' sexual arousal.Arch. Gen. Psychiat 34: 895–903.
Abel, G. G., Becker, J. V., Blanchard, E. B., and Djenderedjian, A. (1978). Differentiating sexual aggressives with penile measures.Crim. Justice Behav. 5: 315–332.
Abel, G. G., Becker, J. V., Blanchard, E. B., and Flanagan, B. (1981). The behavioral assessment of rapists. In Hays, J. R., Roberts, T., and Solway, T. K. (eds.),Violence and The Violent Individual, Spectrum, New York, pp. 211–230.
Abel, G. G., Becker, J. V., Cunningham-Rathner, J., Mittelman, M., and Rouleau, J. L. (1988). Multiple paraphilics diagnosed among sex offenders.Bull. Am. Acad. Psychiat. Law 16: 153–168.
Abel, G. G., and Rouleau, J. L. (1990). The nature and extent of sexual assault. In Marshall, W. L., Laws, D. R., and Barbaree, H. E. (eds.),Handbook of Sexual Assault: Issues, Theories and Treatment of the Offender Plenum Press, New York, pp. 9–21.
Avery-Clark, C. A., and Laws, D. R. (1984). Differential erection response patterns of sexual child abusers to stimuli describing activities with children.Behav. Ther. 15: 71–83.
Bancroft, J., Jones, H. G., and Pullan, B. R. (1966). A simple transducer for measuring penile erection with comments on its use in the treatment of sexual disorders.Behav. Res. Ther. 4: 239–241.
Barbaree, H. E. (1990). Stimulus control of sexual arousal: Its role in sexual assault. In Marshall, W. L., Laws, D. R., and Barbaree, H. E. (eds.),Handbook of Sexual Assault: Issues, Theories and Treatment of the Offender Plenum Press, New York, pp. 115–142.
Barbaree, H. E., Baxter, D. J., and Marshall, W. L. (1989). The reliability of the rape index in a sample of rapists and nonrapists.Violence Victims 4: 299–306.
Barbaree, H. E., and Marshall, W. C. (1991). The role of male sexual arousal in rape: Six models.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 59: 621–630.
Barbaree, H. E., Marshall, W. L., and Lanthier, R. D. (1979). Deviant sexual arousal in rapists.Behav. Res. Ther. 17: 215–222.
Barbaree, H. E., Marshall, W. L., Yates, E., and Lightfoot, L. O. (1983). Alcohol intoxication and deviant sexual arousal in male social drinkers.Behav. Res. Ther. 21: 365–373.
Baxter, D. J., Marshall, W. L., Barbaree, H. E., Davidson, P. R. and Malcolm, P. B. (1984). Deviant sexual arousal: Differentiating sex offenders by criminal and personal history, and sexual response.Crim. Justice Behav. 11: 477–501.
Blader, J. C., and Marshall, W. L. (1984). The relationship between cognitive and erectile measures of sexual arousal in nonrapist males as a function of depicted aggression.Behav. Res. Ther. 22: 623–630.
Blader, J. C., and Marshall, W. L. (1989). Is assessment of sexual arousal in rapists worthwhile? A critique of current methods and the development of a response compatibility approach.Clin. Psychol. Rev. 9: 569–587.
Briddell, D. W., Rimm, D. C., Caddy, G. R., Krawitz, G., Sholis, D., and Wunderlin, R. J. (1978). Effects of alcohol and cognitive set on sexual arousal to deviant stimuli.J. Abn. Psychol. 87: 418–430.
Darke, J. L. (1990). Sexual aggression: Achieving power through humiliation. In Marshall, W. L., Laws, D. R., and Barbaree, H. E. (eds.),Handbook of Sexual Assault: Issues, Theories and Treatment of the Offender Plenum Press, New York, pp. 55–72.
Darke, J. L., Marshal, W. L., and Earls, C. M. (1982, April).Humiliation and Rape: A Preliminary Inquiry. Fourth National Conference on the Evaluation and Treatment of Sexual Aggressors, Denver, CO.
Davidson, P. R., and Malcolm, P. B. (1985). The reliability of the rape index: A rapist sample.Behav. Assess. 7: 283–292.
Earls, C. M. (1988). Aberrant sexual arousal in sexual offenders.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 528: 41–48.
Earls, C. M., and Jackson, D. R. (1981). The effects of temperature on the mercury in rubber strain gauge.Behav. Assess. 3: 145–149.
Earls, C. M., and Proulx, J. (1986). The differentiation of francophone rapists and nonrapists using penile circumferential measures.Crim. Justice Behav. 13: 419–429.
Freund, K., and Blanchard, R. (1981). Assessment of sexual dysfunction and deviation. In Hersen, M., and Bellack, A. S. (eds.),Behavioral Assessment: A Practical Handbook Pergamon, New York, pp. 427–455.
Freund, K., Scher, H., Racansky, I. G., Campbell, K., and Heasman, G. (1986). Males disposed to commit rape.Arch. Sex. Behav. 15: 23–35.
Groth, A. N., and Birnbaum, H. J. (1979).Men Who Rape: The Psychology of The Offender. Plenum Press, New York.
Hall, G. C. N., Proctor, W. C., and Nelson, G. M. (1988). Validity of physiological measures of pedophilic sexual arousal in a sexual offender population.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 56: 118–122.
Knight, R. A., Rosenberg, R., & Schneider, B. A. (1985). Classification of sexual offenders: Perspectives, methods, and validation. In Burgess, A. W., (ed.),Rape and Sexual Assault: A Research Handbook, Garland, New York, pp. 222–293.
Langevin, R., Ben-Aron, M. H., Coulthard, R., Heasman, G., Purins, J. E., Handy, L., Hucker, S. J., Russon, A. E., Day, D., Roper, V., Bain, J., Wortzman, G., and Webster, C. D. (1985). Sexual aggression: Constructing a predictive equation. A controlled pilot study. In Langevin, R. (ed.),Erotic Preference, Gender Identity, and Aggression in Man: New Research Studies Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 39–76.
Malamuth, N. M., and Check, J. (1983). Sexual arousal to rape depictions: Individual differences.J. Abn. Psychol. 92: 55–67.
Marshall, W. L. (1989). Intimacy, loneliness and sexual offenders.Behav. Res. Ther. 27: 491–503.
Marshall, W. C., and Eccles, A. (1991). Issues in clinical practice with sex offenders.J. Interpers. Violence 6: 68–93.
Marshall, W. C., Earls, C. M., Segal, Z., and Darke, J. L. (1983). A behavioral program for the assessment and treatment of sexual aggressors. In Craig, K. D., and McMahon, R. J. (eds.),Advances in Clinical Behavior Therapy Brunner Mazel, New York, pp. 148–174.
McConaghy, N. (1989). Validity and ethics of penile circumference measures of sexual arousal: A critical review.Arch. Sex. Behav. 18: 357–369.
Murphy, W. D., Haynes, M. R., Coleman, E. M., and Flanagan, R. (1985). Sexual responding of “nonrapists” to aggressive sexual theme: Normative data.J. Psychopath. Behav. Assess. 7: 37–48.
Murphy, W. D., Krisak, J., Stalgaitis, S., and Anderson, K. (1984). The use of penile tumescence measures with incarcerated rapists: Further validity issues.Arch. Sex. Behav. 13: 545–554.
Pithers, W. D., Kashima, K. M., Cumming, G. F., Beal, L. S., and Buell, M. M. (1988). Relapse prevention of sexual aggression.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 528: 244–260.
Proulx, J. (1989). Sexual preference assessment of sexual aggressors.Int. J. Law Psychiat. 12: 275–280.
Quinsey, V. L., and Chaplin, T. C. (1982). Penile responses to nonsexual violence among rapists.Crim. Justice Behav. 9: 372–381.
Quinsey, V. L., and Chaplin, T. C. (1984). Stimulus control of rapists' and non-sex offenders' sexual arousal.Behav. Assess. 6: 169–176.
Quinsey, V. L., and Chaplin, T. C. (1988). Preventing faking in phallometric assessments of sexual preference.An. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 528: 49–58.
Quinsey, V. L., Chaplin, T. C., and Upfold, D. (1984). Sexual arousal to nonsexual violence and sadomasochistic themes among rapists and nonsex offenders.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 52: 651–657.
Quinsey, V. L., Chaplin, T. C., and Varney, G. (1981). A comparison of rapists' and nonsex offenders' sexual preferences for mutually consenting sex, rape, and physical abuse of women.Behav. Assess. 13: 127–135.
Quinsey, V. L., and Laws, D. R. (1990). Validity of physiological measures of pedophilic sexual arousal in a sexual offender population: A critique of Hall, Proctor, and Nelson.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 58: 886–888.
Satterthwaite, F. E. (1946). An approximate distribution of estimates of variance components.Biometrics Bull. 2: 110–114.
Siegel, S., and Castellan, N. (1988).Nonparametric Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences McGraw-Hill, New York.
Simon, W. T., and Schouten, P. G. W. (1991). Plethysmography in the assessment and treatment of sexual deviance: An overview.Arch. Sex. Behav. 20: 75–91.
Winer, B. J. (1971).Statistical Principles in Experimental Design McGraw-Hill, New York.
Wormith, J. S. (1986). Assessing deviant sexual arousal's physiological and cognitive aspects.Adv. Behav. Res. Ther. 8: 101–137.
Wormith, J. S., Bradford, J. M. W., Pawlak, A., Borzecki, M., and Zohar, A. (1988). The assessment of deviant sexual arousal as a function of intelligence, instructional set and alcohol ingestion.Can. J. Psychiat. 33: 800–808.
Wydra, A., Marshall, W. L., Earls, C. M., and Barbaree, H. E. (1983). Identification of cues, and control of sexual arousal by rapists.Behav. Res. Ther. 21: 469–476.
Yates, E., Barbaree, H. E., and Marshall, W. L. (1984). Anger and deviant sexual arousal.Behav. Ther. 15: 287–294.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Proulx, J., Aubut, J., McKibben, A. et al. Penile responses of rapists and nonrapists to rape stimuli involving physical violence or humiliation. Arch Sex Behav 23, 295–310 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01541565
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01541565