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Klinik, Pathologie und Differentialdiagnose der Großhirnangioblastome

Clinical features, pathology and diagnosis of the cerebral angioblastomas

Clinica, patologia e diagnosi differenziale dell'angioblastoma cerebrale

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Zusammenfassung

Die Beobachtung von zwei Großhirnangioblastomen war Veranlassung, sich mit der Literatur, der Klinik und der Pathologie dieser sehr seltenen Tumoren zu beschäftigen. An ihrem Vorkommen kann im Gegensatz zu den Ansichten vonLindau undCushing nicht mehr gezweifelt werden. Besondere Beweiskraft erlangten die im Rahmen einer echtenLindau-Krankheit vorkommenden Fälle. Bemerkenswert ist, daß sich unter den 23 gesicherten bzw. akzeptablen Fällen (21 Fälle aus der Literatur) der Tumor fünfmal im Kindesalter entwickelte. Kleinhirnangioblastome im Kindesalter sind dagegen ungleich viel seltener. Der Tumor kann in sämtlichen Hirnregionen entstehen, wobei Frontal-, Occipital- und Temporallappen bevorzugter Sitz sind. Im übrigen gelten die gleichen allgemeinen Charakteristika, die für die Kleinhirnangioblastome bekannt sind, insbesondere Häufung beim männlichen Geschlecht und Gutartigkeit. Besondere Bedeutung erlangt die Abgrenzung von den angioblastischen Meningeomen, da diese meist supratentoriell sitzen. Nicht alle Autoren unterscheiden zwischen diesen beiden Tumorarten. Morphologische und histogenetische Überlegungen führten die Mehrzahl der Autoren bisher aber zu einem dualistischen Standpunkt in dieser Frage.

Summary

Two cerebral angioblastomas which were encountered among 60 cerebellar angioblastomas caused us to engage in a study of the literature, the clinical features and the pathology of these very rare tumours. Their occurrence can no longer be doubted even though this contradicts the classical works ofLindau and ofCushing. In this connection, special significance attaches to the case associated with a pureLindaus, syndrome. It is remarkable that there were five children among the 23 verified and well documented cases. In contrast, cerebellar angioblastomas in children are incomparably much rarer. The tumour can develop in all regions of the brain, so that frontal, occipital, and temporal lobes may be affected. Usually the same general characteristics as those which are recognized with the cerebellar angioblastomas apply—e.g. the preponderance of males, the lesion is benign and has fine tissue variations. It is especially important to differentiate these lesions from the angioblastic meningiomas because they are common supratentorially. Not all authors differentiate these two tumours. However, morphological and histogenetic considerations have led the majority of authors, up to now, to a dualistic position concerning this question.

Riassunto

L'osservazione di due angioblastomi cerebrali contro 60 angioblastomi cerebellari é stato il motivo di una ricerca nella letteratura sulla clinica e sulla patologia di questi tumori assai rari del sistema nervoso centrale.

Sulla loro comparsa non si possono avere dubbi che contrastino quanto scritto originariamente da Lindau e Cushing.

Particolare intéresse suscitano i casi che appaiono affetti da vero e proprio morbo di Lindau. E' pure degno di nota il fatto che dei 23 casi accertati, ossia accettabili, il tumore si é sviluppato cinque volte nell'infanzia.

L'angioblastoma cerebellare dell'infanzia é al contraio molto più raro. Il tumore può sorgere in regioni cerebrali intere preferibilmente dove hanno sede i lembi frontale, occipitale e temporale. Per il resto valgono le stesse caratteristiche generali che sono note per l'angioblastoma cerebellare, con particolare frequenza nel sesso maschile, in forma benigna e con varianti di tessuto sottile.

Particolarmente significativa risulta la limitazione dei meningiomi angioblastici, in quanto questi compaiono per la maggior parte in zona sopratentoriale.

Non tutti gli autori fanno distinzione tra questi due tipi di tumori. Gli autori hanno sinora condotto i loro studi soprattutto sulla parte morfologica e istogenetica, gingendo però ad una visione dualistica del problema.

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Neller, K., Brunngraber, C.V. & Wechsler, W. Klinik, Pathologie und Differentialdiagnose der Großhirnangioblastome. Acta neurochir 21, 227–252 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01540929

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