Skip to main content
Log in

Escaping loneliness in adolescence: The case for androgyny

  • Published:
Journal of Youth and Adolescence Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between sex-role orientation and loneliness in adolescence. Two hundred and twenty-five junior and senior high school students completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory Short Form (Bem, 1981) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell et al., 1978). Results indicated that androgynous individuals were significantly less lonely than masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated individuals. An assessment of the independent contributions of masculinity and femininity indicated that both masculinity and femininity significantly predicted loneliness. Additional analysis revealed that the impact of sex-role orientation on loneliness varied by sex and tended to be greater for males than females. The need to further examine the relationship between androgyny, sex-role development, and adjustment in adolescence is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bem, S. (1977). On the utility of alternative procedures for assessing psychological androgyny.J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 45: 196–205.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bem, S. (1981).Bem Sex Role Inventory professional manual. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, Calif.

    Google Scholar 

  • Block, J. (1973). Conceptions of sex role: Some cross-cultural and longitudinal perspectives.Am. Psychologist 28: 512–526.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, E. (1969). Adolescent socialization. In Goslin, D. (ed.),Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research, Rand McNally, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch, C., and Gilbert, L. (1976). Sex role stereotypes: Effect on perceptions of self and others and on personal adjustment.J. Counsel. Psychol. 23: 373–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, D. (1955). Multiple range and multipleF tests.Biometrics 11: 1–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, E. (1950).Childhood and Society, Norton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hefner, R., Rebecca, M., and Oleshansky, B. (1975). Development of sex-role transcendence.Hum. Dev. 18: 143–158.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, W., Chernovetz, M., and Hansson, R. (1978). The enigma of androgyny: Differential implications for males and females?J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 46: 298–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kagan, J. (1964). Acquisition and significance of sex typing and sex role identity. In Hoffman, M., and Hoffman, L. (eds.),Review of Child Development Research, Russell Sage, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohlberg, L. (1966). A cognitive-developmental analysis of children's sex role concepts and attitudes. In Maccoby, E. (ed.),The Development of Sex Differences, Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamke, L. (1982a). The impact of sex role orientation on self-esteem in early adolescence.Child Dev. 53: 1530–1535.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamke, L. (1982b). Adjustment and sex-role orientation in adolescence.J. Youth Adoles. 11: 247–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, R., Sorell, G., and Brackney, B. (1981). Sex differences in self-concept and self-esteem of late adolescents: A time-lag analysis.Sex Roles 7: 707–722.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massad, C. (1981). Sex role identity and adjustment during adolescence.Child Dev. 52: 1290–1298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peplau, L., and Perlman, D. (1979). Blueprint for a social psychological theory of loneliness. In Cook, M., and Wilson, G. (eds.),Love and Attraction, Pergamon Press, Oxford, Eng.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pleck, J. (1975). Masculinity-femininity: Current and alternative paradigms.Sex Rotes 1: 161–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rice, F. (1975).The Adolescent: Development, Relationships and Culture. Allyn and Bacon, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, D., Peplau, L., and Ferguson, M. (1978). Developing a measure of loneliness.J. Personal. Assess. 42: 290–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spence, J., Helmreich, R., and Stapp, J. (1975). Ratings of self and peers on sex role attributes and their relation to self-esteem and conceptions of masculinity and femininity.J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 32: 29–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, K. (1980). Gender-role identity and psychological adjustment in adolescence.J. Youth Adoles. 9: 59–73.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Received his M.S. and Ph.D. in human development and family studies from The Pennsylvania State University. Research interests are social competence, interpersonal skills development, and adjustment.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Avery, A.W. Escaping loneliness in adolescence: The case for androgyny. J Youth Adolescence 11, 451–459 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01538806

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01538806

Keywords

Navigation