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Interleukin-1

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Abstract

IL-1 is a polypeptide product of various cells that mediates several components of the acute-phase response to infection and injury. Its most dramatic biological property is its ability to induce arachidonate metabolites in a variety of cells including PGE in the brain, fibroblasts, synovial cells, and chrondrocytes; in addition, IL-1 induces lipoxygenase products in lymphocytes and other cells. IL-1 has been cloned. There are two forms. The predominant form of IL-1 from human monocytes has a pI of 7 (also called beta) and is initially synthesized as a precursor molecule (31 kD). A minor form (less than 100-fold) also exists (pI 5, also called alpha). IL-1 seems unique among the lymphokines and monokines in that there is no signal peptide sequence for cleavage. Depending on the stimulus, intracellular levels of precursor IL-1 can be high, whereas some cell activators result in large amounts of processed IL-1. Precursor IL-1 is cleaved into a 17.5-kD peptide, which is the predominant extracellular form. IL-1 induces prostaglandins and lymphocyte activation as well as many different biological activities. These include fever, PGE production, protease release from synovial cells and chondrocytes, bone resorption, acute-phase protein synthesis, and other effects. Although there are few studies showing an IL-1 effect on the gastrointestinal tract, the multiple biological properties of IL-1 suggest that IL-1 plays a role in inflammatory bowel disease as well as in mediating some of the gastrointestinal changes observed in systemic acute-phase responses.

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  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center Hospitals, 750 Washington Street, 02111, Boston, Massachusetts

    Charles A. Dinarello MD

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Dinarello, C.A. Interleukin-1. Digest Dis Sci 33 (Suppl 3), 25S–35S (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01538128

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